richard II, 1377-1399 Flashcards
1
Q
the lords appellant
A
- Thomas of Woodstock (Duke of Gloucester)
- Richard Fitzalan (Earl of Arundel)
- Thomas Beauchamp (Earl of Warwick)
- Henry Bolingbroke (Earl of Derby)
- Thomas Mowbray (Earl of Nottingham)
2
Q
July 1377
A
Richard II becomes king at 10 years old after his father died (his brother, the Black Prince, had died in 1376)
3
Q
1381
A
- The Peasants’ Revolt occured due to the high taxation (used to finance military campaigns in France and Scotland) and the poll tax
- 14yo Richard acquitted himself in front of the peasants with confidence and assured them that he had heard their complaints
- however, within the fortnight he went back on this and revoked his pardons and executed many rebels
- this likely contributed to his demands for obedience
4
Q
1382
A
- marriage to Anne of Bohemia
5
Q
1383
A
- Richard II appoints Micheal de la Pole to chancellor
6
Q
1385
A
- Micheal de la Pole promoted to Earl
7
Q
1386
A
- Robert de Vere promoted to Marquis (a new role created just for him despite him being widely disliked) and also made Duke of Ireland
- John of Gaunt leaves England
8
Q
October 1386
A
- Wonderful Parliament
- Micheal de la Pole was impeached (Richard refused to let him be imprisoned)
- Richard tried to seek help from the French to help him against the nobles
- financial problems also a problem: disproportionate financial generosity to his favourites leading to royal debt, especially with taxes for an unsuccessful war in France (that Richard was not dedicated to)
- the nobles reminded Richard that they could depose him (used Edward II, own great-grandfather as an example) which led Richard to be forced to agree to this decision
- Richard seeked revenge (began to be involved with the Chester archers for personal military support) and began to move around the country
9
Q
1387
A
Lords Appellant formed
10
Q
1388
A
- Battle of Radcot Bridge where de Vere was defeated
- Merciless Parliament
- punished Micheal de la Pole and Robert de Vere as they were put on trial for treason, and sentenced to death (decided by the lords appellant)
11
Q
1389
A
- John of Gaunt returns -> increase in political stability
12
Q
1394
A
- Anne of Bohemia dies, no heirs (issues of royal succession)
13
Q
1396
A
- Richard II marries Isabella of France (7 years old)
- he likely married her as he wasn’t willing to father an heir or engage in any physical relationships due to Anne of Bohemia’s death (grieving, burned the palace she died in to the ground)
- remains unconsummated as she is too young -> problems of royal succession remain
- French -> Richard seen as more pro-French (he is already suspected of this, seen as more un-patriotic in court). French agree to let him use French troops to subdue English if necessary (extremely controversial)
- however helped to reduce hostilities with France as a 28 year truce was accomplished
14
Q
July 1397
A
- revenge against the lords appellant
- orders the arrest of the earls of Gloucester, Warwick and Arundel and has them tried for treason
- used a private retinue of 700 archers from Cheshire to ensure their conviction (seen as particularly terrifying by chroniclers)
- showing Richard’s increasing paranoia and tyranny
- Gloucester murdered on a beach in Calais, Arundel executed, Warwick imprisoned
15
Q
1397
A
- makes the duketti (‘little dukes’) which has them mocked
- Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford
- Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk
- John Holland, Duke of Exeter
- Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey
- Edward, Duke of Aumale
- also promoted John Beaufort to Marquis of Somerset and Thomas Despenser to Earl of Gloucester
