Ribs/Sternum 2

Question 1

A less than optimal lateral sternum projection that does not demonstrate the sternum in profile and visualizes the superior heart shadow extending anterior to the sternum

a. resulted because the central ray was centered too posteriorly.
b. resulted because of poor costal breathing technique.
c. could be improved by rotating the right thorax anteriorly.
d. also would demonstrate the left thorax rotated posteriorly.

Answer 1

c. could be improved by rotating the right thorax anteriorly.

Question 2

**A lateral sternal projection
1. uses a grid and tight collimation to reduce scatter radiation.
2. demonstrates the sternum without humeral soft tissue superimposition.
3. is obtained after a deep inspiration.
4. requires placement of the top edge of the IR 1.5 inches (4 cm) above the jugular notch.

Answer 2

1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 3

**How is an AP or PA rib projection of a patient with lower anterior rib pain obtained?
1. With the patient in an AP projection
2. On expiration
3. Using 65 to 70 kVp
4. With the shoulders at equal distances to the imaging table

Answer 3

2 & 4 only

Question 4

A left lateral sternal projection with poor positioning demonstrates the superior heart shadow extending beyond the sternum, into the anteriorly located lung. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained?
1. Rotate the left thorax posteriorly.
2. Position the arms behind the patient’s back.
3. Take the exposure on deep inspiration.
4. Rotate the right thorax anteriorly.

Answer 4

1 & 4 only

Question 5

**For a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position),
1. a 30-inch (76-cm) or 40-inch (100-cm) SID is used.
2. the patient’s midcoronal plane is angled 15 to 20 degrees with the IR.
3. a long exposure time is used.
4. costal breathing is used.

Answer 5

1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 6

**A below-diaphragm AP oblique rib projection (RPO position) with accurate positioning demonstrates the
1. ninth through twelfth ribs below the diaphragm.
2. axillary ribs without foreshortening.
3. seventh axillary rib at the center of the collimated field.
4. inferior sternal body just to the right of the vertebral column.

Answer 6

1 and 2 only

Question 7

**On a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position), the posterior ribs are blurred and magnified because
1. a short SID is used.
2. a long exposure time is used.
3. the image is obtained on expiration.
4. a detail screen is used.

Answer 7

1 and 2 only

Question 8

**The right SC joint and right side of the manubrium are superimposed by the thoracic vertebrae on a PA oblique sternum projection (RAO position). Such a projection is produced when the

a. patient rotation is less than the required amount.
b. patient rotation is more than the required amount.
c. patient is rotated into an LAO position.
d. central ray is centered too close to the vertebral column.

Answer 8

a. patient rotation is less than the required amount.

Question 9

**An above-diaphragm AP or PA rib projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the:
1. scapulae outside the lung field.
2. seventh posterior rib at the center of the exposure field.
3. eight posterior ribs above the diaphragm.
4. thoracic vertebrae-rib head articulations.

Answer 9

c. 1, 2, and 4 only

Question 10

**For an AP oblique rib projection (RPO or LPO position) obtained to evaluate upper posterior rib pain:
1. a 70- to 80-kVp technique is used.
2. the tenth axillary rib is centered to the collimated field.
3. the patient is rotated 45 degrees away from the affected side.
4. the image is obtained after deep expiration.

Answer 10

a. 1 and 2 only

Question 11

**An AP oblique rib projection obtained with the patient rotated less than 45-degrees demonstrates the:
1. posterior ribs with decreased foreshortening.
2. axillary ribs, which are foreshortened.
3. anterior ribs adjacent to the lateral edge of the IR.
4. sternal body next to the vertebral column.

Answer 11

d. 1, 2, and 4 only

Question 12

If the patient breathes deeply during the exposure for a PA oblique projection (RAO position), the resulting image demonstrates:

Answer 12

a blurred sternum

Question 13

Adequate RAO obliquity is obtained on a PA oblique projection when:

Answer 13

The sternum and thoracic vertebrae are no longer superimposed

Question 14

**Which structure overlies the sternum in a PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position)?

Answer 14

Left inferior scapula

Question 15

**If a patient complains of anterior rib pain, which projection of the ribs should be taken?

Answer 15

Posteroanterior

Question 16

**What ribs are demonstrated below the diaphragm when an AP or PA rib projection is taken on expiration?

Answer 16

8th - 12th

Question 17

***Which position demonstrates the sharper axillary rib details?

Answer 17

AP oblique

Question 18

**For an AP oblique the patient is rotated ______ the affected side to demonstrate axillary ribs in the AP oblique projection

Answer 18

toward