RIBS

Question 1

PP: Upright/prone; center MSP of the pt body to the
midline of the grid; hands rested against hips; palms
turned outward; chin rested on chin; suspend at full
inspiration (depresses diaphragm)
RP: T7
CR: ┴ or 10-15o caudad (to demonstrate 7th-9
th ribs)

SS: Anterior ribs (1st
-9
th) above the diaphragm
CI: Fractures and neoplastic processes

Answer 1

PA PROJECTION

Question 2

PP: CenterMSP to the midline of the grid; palms
outward, against the hips; adjust pt shoulders to lie in
the same transverse plane, and rotate the forward to
draw scapula away from ribcage
* Upright: to image ribs above diaphragm; IR
top board 1.5 in. above shoulder; shoulder
rotated forward; suspend at full inspiration
(to depress diaphragm)
* Supine: to image ribs below diaphragm;
shoulder in the same transverse plane;
suspend at full expiration (to elevate
diaphragm)
RP: T7 (upper ribs) or T10 (lower ribs)
CR: ┴ to the center of IR
SS: Posterior ribs above the diaphragm (1st
-10th) &

below the diaphragm (8th
-12th)

Answer 2

AP PROJECTION

Question 3

PP: RPO/LPO; body rotated 45o

(affected side
down); arm of affected side abducted; opposite hand
on hip; Abduct arm of the affected side, and elevate
it to carry the scapula away from ribcage
* Upright: to image ribs above diaphragm;
hand rested on head; suspend at full
inspiration (to depress diaphragm)
* Supine: to image ribs below diaphragm; hip
elevated; suspend at full expiration (to
elevate diaphragm)
RP: T7 (upper ribs) or T10 (lower ribs)
CR: ┴ to the center of IR
SS: Axilliary portion of the ribs projected free of
superimposition; 1
st
-10th ribs visible above the
diaphragm for upper limbs anbelow the diaphragm
(8th
-12th).
CI: Fractures and neoplastic processes

Answer 3

AP OBLIQUE PROJECTION

Question 4

PP: RAO/LAO; body rotated 45o

(affected side up)
* Upright: to image ribs above diaphragm;
forearm of affected side rested on grid
device; suspend at full inspiration (to depress
diaphragm)
* Supine: to image ribs below diaphragm;
patient rested on forearm; knee of elevated
side flexed; suspend at full expiration (to
elevate diaphragm)
RP: T7 (upper ribs) or T10 (lower ribs)
CR: ┴ to the center of IR
SS: Axilliary portion of the ribs free of bony
superimposition; (1st

-10th) ribs visible above
diaprahgm & below the diaphragm (8th
-12th)

Answer 4

PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION

Question 5

PP: Supine; head rest directly on the table; center
MSP to midline of grid; adjust pt shoulders to lie in
same transverse plane
RP:
CR: Directed 20 deg cephalad entering the midline
about 2 inch above xiphoid process
SS: Costovertebal and costotransverse joints are
demonstrated; open costovertebral costotransverse
joints
CI:

Answer 5

Costal Joints AP AXIAL PROJECTION