Rib Fracture Flashcards
what are the symptoms
Pain at the fracture site (worsens with inspiration and coughing).
Shallow breathing and splinting of the affected area to minimize pain.
Tenderness, bruising, and swelling over the injured ribs.
why does atelectasis and pneumonia occur in rib fracture
Due to pain-induced shallow breathing, decreased chest wall movement, and retained secretions.
why does hemothorax occur in rib fracture
Damage to blood vessels may cause blood accumulation in the pleural cavity.
why does pneumothorax occur in rib frature
Rib fragments may puncture the lung, leading to air leakage into the pleural space.
why does flail chest occur in rib fracture
If multiple ribs are fractured in multiple places, the chest wall loses stability.
which ribs are commonly fractured?
Ribs 5 through 9 → These ribs are less protected by surrounding muscles, making them more vulnerable to trauma
what can splintered or displaced rib cause?
Pleural injury → Leading to pneumothorax or hemothorax.
Lung contusion → Resulting in hypoxia and respiratory distress.
Cardiac injury → If the fracture extends near the heart.
Liver/spleen injury → If lower ribs are involved.
what does chest x ray show
Identifies fractures and rules out lung injuries.
what does CT scan show
More sensitive for detecting lung contusions, pneumothorax, or internal organ damage.
how can the pt control the pain from rib fracture
allow deep breathing and secretion clearance.
what is given for pain control
NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen).
Opioids (for severe pain, used cautiously due to respiratory depression risk).
Thoracic nerve blocks (for significant pain relief).
what does incentive spirometry do
promotes lung expansion
what does deep breathing and coughing do
prevents atelectasis
what does early ambulation do
reduces pneumonia risk
why is chest strapping or binding not recommended
it limits chest expansion and increases the risk of atelectasis and hypoxemia.
when is surgery done
Extreme chest wall deformity.
Multiple displaced rib fractures causing severe instability (flail chest).
what should the pt do
Pain management is key to avoid shallow breathing, which can lead to lung complications.
Use prescribed medications cautiously (opioids can cause drowsiness or respiratory depression).
Stay mobile—early movement helps prevent pneumonia and promotes lung expansion.
Avoid strenuous activities and allow time for healing (typically 6 weeks for uncomplicated rib fractures).
