RI 2 (ch. 5-8) Flashcards
Some think that globalization began with _______ ________, the Mongolian warrior-ruler
Genghis Khan
What is the Silk Road?
- network of caravan tracks linking Asia and Europe
- goods and ideas spread
Name an example of an idea spread on the Silk Road?
The Indo-Arabic number system
What is imperialism?
It refers to one country’s domination of another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions
Some say historical globalization began when ____________ _______________ made his first voyage to the Caribbean in _________.
Christopher Columbus; 1592
Who created the printing press? What role did it have in globalization
Johannes Gutenberg created the printing press, which had a big role in spreading new ideas about science, religion, politics, etc. across Europe
During the rise of a European middle class, _______ became more important.
Trade
What are some Middle Eastern technologies that Europeans drew on?
- large, square sails and the lanteen
- navigational tools
- gunpowder (China)
What is mercantilism?
- strict control of trade for colonies
- colonies could not import goods from any country other than the mother country
- exports > imports
- raw materials shipped to home country
Name an example of people resisting mercantilism.
The American Revolution; the US became an independent country
True or false: European Imperial powers believed their customs, culture, and beliefs were equal to those of the Indigenous peoples.
False
European diseases led to indigenous ____________.
Depopulation
First Nations experiences a__________ and a___________ during historical globalization
Acculturation and assimilation
First nations and Europeans initially had a trading relationship. What was traded?
Europeans received furs in and gave the First nations tools, cooking utensils, weapons, etc in return
Who was Las Casas?
He was a Spanish man who believed that the Indigenous peoples were the true owners of the land where they lived. He was disgusted by the cruelty that occurred.
What is chattel slavery?
Chattel = possession
Chattel slavery meant that the slaves and their descendants were the private property of their owner. Chattel slaves had no legal standing as human beings
Who was Oladuah Equiano?
- he was kidnapped and enslaved
- learned to read and write and then bought his freedom
- published a book and joined a movement to abolish slavery
What is indentured labour?
The worker would agree to work for little to no pay for about 4-7 years, then the worker was free.
What is the Grand Exchange/Columbian Exchange?
- began with Columbus returning to the Americas with goods and resources
- trading process
- goods imported and exported between primarily the Americas and Europe
- European diseases also came to the Americas
Explain the Industrial Revolution.
- between about 1750 and 1850
- the era where industry became mechanized
- enabled Europeans to travel far and wide
- had economic, social, and cultural effects on the world
- began in Britain when the steam powered engine was invented
- new machines were large, expensive, and required many workers to operate (traditional craftspeople were driven out of work)
What is a legacy? Name some examples
Something that has been passed on by those who lives in the past. Includes political structures, oral histories/stories, artifacts, and cultural traditions/celebrations
What is ethnocentrism?
“ethnic” + “centre”; refers to a way of thinking that centres on one’s own race and culture. Ethnocentric people believe that the only valid worldview is their own. They judge others based on their beliefs, customs, and traditions
What is eurocentrism?
A form of ethnocentrism that focuses on European ethnic, national, and linguistic criteria.
Explain the Scramble for Africa.
- late 19th century: large parts of Africa remained independent
- 1884: The US and 15 European countries divide Africa among themselves.
- they wanted to avoid conflicts, protect trade routes, and gain control of the Africa’s natural resources
- no consultation of Indigenous peoples
__________ histories tell of Indigenous peoples’ (Africa) responses to European arrival. Give an example
Oral
eg. vumbi (Portuguese ships arriving at the Congo River)
King Leopold and the Congo
Name a legacy of imperial rule
- languages and makeup of the population
Legacies of migration (19th/20th centuries)
- eg. 40% of migrants in Canada were British
- affected British imperial rule
Legacies of the displacement of the Indigenous peoples
- civil war
- starvation
- destroyed cultures and communities
What is the Emancipation Act of 1833
- the British abolitionist movement won and slavery was abolished throughout the empire
After slavery was abolished in the British Empire, what kind of labour took over? what effects did this have?
- indentured labour took over (mostly from India)
- resulted in depopulation of India
What proclamation got rid of slavery in the US?
The Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
The British East India company (BEIC) and Gandhi
