Rhythms of the World Flashcards
Name some features of Indian Classical Music.
tala raga pitch-bend improvisation call and response ornamentation drone
Name some features of Bhangra.
chaal
Voices are usually male and with a backing chorus, often with call-and-response.
Punjabi language
vocal lines often follow the chaal
‘hoi!’ shouted by backing singers
ornamentation, slides and microtonal intervals
chaal
rhythm pattern in Bhangra
dhol
double-headed drum used to play the chaal
harmonium
small reed-organ used to play melodic ideas
sarangi
violin-type instrument
tala
a repeated rhythm pattern, including accents and silent beats
tabla
a pair of drums used to play the tala, controlling the tempo and developing very fast and complex rhythm patterns
raga
a scale pattern forming the basis for melodic ideas, each with a different mood
sitar
a large string instrument which plays the raga; sympathetic strings give a drone effect
pitch-bend
bending the strings to give a microtonal effect
tanpura
long-necked plucked instrument providing a continuous drone
sarod
similar to a sitar but with a deeper tone quality
bansuri
flute-type instrument
Name some instruments used in Indian Classical Music.
tabla sitar tanpura sarod bansuri sarangi
Name some instruments used in Bhangra.
dhol
vocals
harmonium
sometimes, sitar and tabla
Name some features of Greek Music.
irregular metres and beat grouping simple time signatures with syncopation repeated melodic ideas melodies in 3rds (parallel melodies) stepwise melodic ideas clear phrasing and clear overall structure - often verse/chorus if voices are used, they are usually solo in the verses and group for the chorus ornamentation, slides and tremolos melody and accompaniment texture tonic/dominant bass notes off-beat accompanying chords
Name some instruments used in Greek Music.
bouzouki violin flute guitar percussion (tambourine/defi)
bouzouki
a high-pitched, plucked string instrument
Name some features of Israeli Music.
influenced by folk music irregular rhythms and metres with irregular beat grouping syncopation modal and microtonal melodic ideas stepwise melodic shapes clear phrasing and structure minor keys guttural, throaty and nasal singing
Name some instruments used in Israeli Music.
oud guitar darbuka tambourine harp/lyre accordion horn violin-type instruments flute-type instruments oboe-type instruments
oud
a lute-type plucked instrument
darbuka
a goblet-shaped hand drum
accordion
a box-shaped wind instrument that is played by pressing down keys while squeezing and opening the bellows
Name some features of Palestinian Music.
irregular rhythms and metres with irregular beat grouping wazn modal and microtonal melodic ideas improvised melodic ideas ornamentation & slides drone stepwise melodic shapes long phrases
Name some instruments used in Palestinian Music.
oud doumbek zither violin-type instruments flute-type instruments
zither
a strummed or plucked instrument with strings stretched over a wooden frame
wazn
a traditional Arabic rhythm pattern
Name some features of African drumming.
fast tempo strong steady pulse ostinati polyrhytms syncopation and off-beat accents cross rhythms triplet rhythms
ostinato
a continuously repeated rhythm pattern
polyrhythm
a texture created when two or more different rhythmic patterns are played at the same time
cross rhythm
an effect when different/conflicting rhythm patterns are played together
Name some instruments used in African drumming.
djembe talking drum agogo bells shekere marimba mbira voices are often added
djembe
a goblet-shaped drum played with hands to achieve a wide variety of timbre, pitch and volume
talking drum
a drum that can be squeezed under the arm or between knees while playing to change the pitch, usually to imitate human speech
shakere
a shaker made from a hollow gourd with beads attached
marimba
a kind of wooden xylophone
mbira
a thumb-piano
Name some features of Calypso music.
regular 4/4 metre syncopation (polyrhythms & cross-rhythms) major key melody and accompaniment texture (chordal) repeated melodic ideas stepwise melodic intervals, some chromaticism ornamentation verse/chorus structure tonic/dominant bass notes ostinato patterns in accompaniment
Name some instruments used in Calypso music.
banjo guitar mouth organ bongos congas claves maracas
Name some features of samba.
a leader, who plays the repinique drum and gives signals using a whistle
regular 2/4 or 4/4 metre
ostinati
Latin American rhythms such as the son clave
syncopation
polyrhythms
cross rhythms
call and response
sudden stops during which players might whoop with high voices before continuing
Name some instruments used in samba.
repinique surdo tamborim snare drums (caixa) agogo bells shakers claves and wood blocks
repinique
a tom-tom drum with a tight skin played with a wooden stick
high, strong and penetrating sound suitable for leading the ensemble
surdo
large, deep resonating drum used for the rhythmic pulse, played with a soft beater and muted with the hand
tamborim
small drum played with wooden or nylon beaters
batacuda
a style of samba that is fast and repetitive
