Rhinosinusitis

Question 1

What is acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 1

An infection or inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, usually caused by viruses or bacteria.

Question 2

How long does acute rhinosinusitis last?

Answer 2

10-14 days, but can last up to 3 weeks.

Question 3

What are the symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 3

Facial pain/pressure, nasal congestion, thick green or yellow discharge, fever, cough, fatigue, bad breath, and headache.

Question 4

Who is at risk for developing acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 4

People with allergies, smokers, those with weakened immune systems, and those exposed to air pollution or allergens.

Question 5

What are the complications of acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 5

Chronic rhinosinusitis, bacterial meningitis, subdural abscess, cerebral abscess, orbital cellulitis, and brain abscess.

Question 6

How is acute rhinosinusitis diagnosed?

Answer 6

Physical examination, patient history, imaging tests (such as X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans), and sometimes sinus endoscopy.

Question 7

What is the treatment for acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 7

Antibiotics, decongestants, nasal irrigation, and pain relievers. Surgery may be necessary in severe cases or if there are complications.

Question 8

Can acute rhinosinusitis be prevented?

Answer 8

Maintaining good hygiene, avoiding allergens and pollution, quitting smoking, and getting vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal diseases can help reduce the risk of developing acute rhinosinusitis.

Question 9

What is a swab test used for in diagnosing acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 9

A swab test can be used to collect mucus samples from the nose or throat to detect the presence of bacteria or viruses that may be causing the infection.

Question 10

How does contrast-enhanced CT scan help in diagnosing complications of acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 10

Contrast-enhanced CT scans can provide clearer images of the sinuses and surrounding structures, helping to detect early signs of intracranial or orbital complications such as meningitis, abscesses, or bone invasion.

Question 11

What is the role of MRI in diagnosing acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 11

MRI scans are not recommended for routine evaluation of uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis but can be useful in detecting intracranial and orbital complications when other diagnostic tests are inconclusive or when there is a high suspicion of such complications.

Question 12

How does lateral neck X-ray help in diagnosing acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 12

Lateral neck X-rays can be helpful in children to evaluate for adenoid hypertrophy, which may cause nasal obstruction and contribute to the development of acute rhinosinusitis.

Question 13

What is the role of allergy testing in diagnosing acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 13

Skin or blood allergy testing (specific IgE) can be considered to rule out allergic rhinitis as a cause of symptoms in patients with suspected acute rhinosinusitis, especially when there is a history of seasonal or perennial allergies.

Question 14

What is the difference between acute and chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 14

Acute rhinosinusitis lasts for up to 3 weeks while chronic rhinosinusitis persists for more than 12 weeks. The microbial pathogens responsible for these conditions are different, so the appropriate antibiotics should reflect the likely causative bacteria.

Question 15

How can you tell if a patient has acute or chronic rhinosinusitis based on symptom duration?

Answer 15

Acute rhinosinusitis typically lasts 10-14 days with up to 3 weeks of symptoms, while chronic rhinosinusitis persists for more than 12 weeks.

Question 16

What are some complications of untreated acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 16

Complications can include facial cellulitis, osteomyelitis, intracranial abscesses, and meningitis. These risks increase with the duration and severity of sinusitis.

Question 17

How does smoking affect a person’s risk for developing acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 17

Smoking increases the risk of developing both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis by impairing mucociliary clearance, increasing inflammation, and providing an ideal environment for bacterial and fungal growth. It can also worsen symptoms and increase the severity of complications in those who develop sinusitis.

Question 18

Can a patient with a history of allergies still develop acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 18

Yes, patients with a history of allergies are at an increased risk for developing both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis due to their compromised immune systems and increased inflammation in the nasal passages. This can lead to obstruction of the sinuses and provide a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi.

Question 19

What are some lifestyle modifications that can help prevent acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 19

Lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, avoiding exposure to allergens and pollutants, maintaining good hygiene, drinking plenty of fluids, and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of developing acute or chronic rhinosinusitis.

Question 20

How does pregnancy affect a woman’s risk for developing acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 20

Pregnant women are at an increased risk for developing both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis due to hormonal changes, decreased immune function, and increased mucus production. They should consult their healthcare providers if they experience any symptoms suggestive of sinusitis during pregnancy.

Question 21

Can acute or chronic rhinosinusitis be a complication of COVID-19?

Answer 21

Yes, some patients with COVID-19 have reported developing acute or chronic rhinosinusitis as a complication. This may be due to the virus directly affecting the sinuses or secondary bacterial infections following viral respiratory infections. Patients with a history of allergies, smoking, and other risk factors for sinusitis are more susceptible to developing these complications after COVID-19 infection.

Question 22

What is the role of telehealth consultations in managing acute or chronic rhinosinusitis during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Answer 22

Telehealth consultations have become an essential tool for managing various health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, including acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. They allow patients to consult with their healthcare providers remotely, reducing the risk of exposure to the virus while still receiving necessary medical advice and treatment recommendations.

Question 23

How do antibiotics work in treating bacterial infections causing acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 23

Antibiotics work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause sinusitis. They are generally prescribed for acute and some cases of chronic rhinosinusitis when a bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed through laboratory tests. It’s essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed to ensure effective treatment and prevent antibiotic resistance.

Question 24

What are some alternative therapies for managing acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 24

Alternative therapies for sinusitis include nasal irrigation, steam inhalation, saline sprays, herbal remedies, and acupuncture. These approaches can provide symptomatic relief but may not address the underlying cause of sinusitis. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any alternative therapies to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Question 25

Can a patient with an implantable device, such as a pacemaker or defibrillator, undergo sinus surgery for acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 25

Patients with implantable devices should consult their healthcare providers before undergoing any surgical procedures. In the case of sinus surgery for acute or chronic rhinosinusitis, precautions may be taken to minimize potential risks to the device during the procedure. These can include use of specialized equipment and techniques by trained surgeons experienced in managing patients with implantable devices.

Question 26

What is the role of intranasal corticosteroids in treating acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 26

Intranasal corticosteroids are a type of medication that can help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses. They are commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, particularly when there is significant nasal congestion or polyps present. Intranasal corticosteroids work best when used regularly over a period of weeks to months under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Question 27

How do decongestant medications work in treating acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 27

Decongestant medications help relieve nasal congestion by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and improving airflow. They are typically used for short-term relief of symptoms in acute rhinosinusitis but should not be used for longer than recommended as they can worsen symptoms if used too frequently or for extended periods.

Question 28

What is the role of oral corticosteroids in treating acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 28

Oral corticosteroids are a type of medication that can provide systemic anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body, including the sinuses. They may be prescribed for short periods (usually 7-14 days) in severe cases of acute rhinosinusitis or for more refractory cases of chronic rhinosinusitis. Longer-term use is generally not recommended due to potential side effects and risks associated with long-term steroid use.

Question 29

How does surgery play a role in treating acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 29

Surgical intervention may be necessary for some cases of acute or chronic rhinosinusitis that do not respond to medical therapy or have persistent symptoms affecting quality of life. The goal of sinus surgery is to improve drainage and ventilation in the affected sinuses, removing any anatomical abnormalities or obstructions that contribute to sinusitis. Surgical techniques include endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and image-guided surgery, with the choice of approach depending on the severity of disease and patient’s individual needs.

Question 30

What are some complications of acute or chronic rhinosinusitis that may require surgical intervention?

Answer 30

Some complications of acute or chronic rhinosinusitis that may warrant surgical intervention include persistent or recurring symptoms, intractable infections, orbital complications (such as optic nerve compression), intracranial complications (like meningitis or brain abscess), and chronic facial pain. In these cases, sinus surgery can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications by addressing the underlying anatomical abnormalities contributing to the disease process.

Question 31

How does immunotherapy play a role in treating allergic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 31

Immunotherapy is a treatment option for allergic rhinosinusitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the sinuses due to an allergic reaction. It works by modifying the body’s immune response to specific allergens, reducing symptoms and decreasing sensitivity over time. Immunotherapy can be delivered through sublingual (under the tongue) or injectable routes, with both showing efficacy in treating allergic rhinosinusitis. It’s typically recommended for patients with persistent symptoms despite medical therapy and a clear allergy diagnosis.

Question 32

What is the role of balloon sinuplasty in treating acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 32

Balloon sinuplasty is a minimally invasive, endoscopic procedure that involves widening the sinus openings using a small, inflatable balloon. It’s primarily used for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who have not responded to medical therapy or require surgical intervention due to anatomical abnormalities like nasal polyps. Balloon sinuplasty can help improve drainage and ventilation in the affected sinuses, reducing symptoms and improving quality of life.

Question 33

How does image-guided sinus surgery differ from traditional endoscopic sinus surgery?

Answer 33

Image-guided sinus surgery (IGSS) is a newer technique that uses advanced imaging technology (such as computerized tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) to guide the surgeon during sinus surgery. It offers several advantages over traditional endoscopic sinus surgery, including improved visualization of anatomical structures and pathology, more precise targeting of abnormalities, reduced risk of complications due to less invasive approaches, and better postoperative outcomes. However, it’s important to note that not all patients are suitable candidates for IGSS, and the choice of approach depends on various factors including the severity of disease and surgeon experience.

Question 34

What is the role of antibiotics in treating acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 34

Antibiotics play a crucial role in the treatment of bacterial acute rhinosinusitis, but they are not recommended for uncomplicated viral cases. In bacterial infections, antibiotics help eliminate the bacteria causing inflammation and symptoms. They can be administered orally or intravenously depending on the severity of disease and individual patient factors. The choice of antibiotic depends on the susceptibility of the infecting organism, as well as potential side effects and allergies. It’s essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed to ensure effective treatment and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance development.

Question 35

What is the role of nasal irrigation in treating acute or chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 35

Nasal irrigation can be an effective adjunctive therapy for both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, particularly in cases where there is significant nasal congestion or inflammation. It involves rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution to remove excess mucus, allergens, and irritants. There are various devices available for nasal irrigation, including neti pots, syringes, and specialized irrigation systems. Regular nasal irrigation can help improve symptoms, reduce inflammation, and promote mucociliary clearance, ultimately aiding in the management of rhinosinusitis. However, it’s essential to use sterile or properly prepared solutions and follow proper technique to minimize the risk of complications like sinusitis or other infections.

Question 36

How does smoking affect the development and treatment of rhinosinusitis?

Answer 36

Smoking is a significant risk factor for the development and exacerbation of both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. It can lead to increased inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, and decreased effectiveness of medical therapies. In addition, smokers with rhinosinusitis often require more aggressive treatment approaches and have a higher risk of complications like orbital or intracranial infections. Quitting smoking is essential not only for the management of rhinosinusitis but also for overall health improvement and reduced risk of various respiratory and systemic diseases.

Question 37

What is the role of allergy testing in treating allergic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 37

Allergy testing can play a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of allergic rhinosinusitis. It helps identify specific allergens that trigger symptoms, allowing for targeted avoidance measures and potentially reducing reliance on medications. Allergy tests can be performed using various methods such as skin prick testing, intradermal testing, or blood testing (e.g., IgE levels). Once identified, allergen-specific immunotherapy (desensitization) may be considered as a long-term treatment option to reduce sensitivity and improve symptoms in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis. However, the decision for testing and therapy depends on various factors including disease severity, response to medications, and patient preference.

Question 38

How does diet affect the development and management of rhinosinusitis?

Answer 38

While there is limited evidence linking specific dietary factors to the development or exacerbation of rhinosinusitis, maintaining a healthy, balanced diet can support overall immune function and respiratory health. Incorporating foods rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds (such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and nuts) may help reduce inflammation associated with rhinosinusitis. On the other hand, certain dietary habits like excessive caffeine or alcohol intake can worsen symptoms or interfere with medication effectiveness. Additionally, maintaining proper hydration by drinking plenty of fluids (preferably water) can help keep mucus thin and facilitate its clearance from the nasal passages.

Question 39

What is the role of environmental factors in causing and exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 39

Environmental factors play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergens such as pollen, mold spores, dust mites, and animal dander can trigger allergic reactions leading to inflammation of the sinuses. Other environmental factors like smoke, pollution, and changes in temperature or humidity can also contribute to symptoms by affecting mucociliary clearance or increasing inflammation. To reduce exposure to these triggers, patients with rhinosinusitis are advised to avoid or minimize contact with allergens when possible, maintain a clean and hypoallergenic living environment, and consider using air purifiers or humidifiers in their homes.

Question 40

What is the role of physical activity in managing rhinosinusitis?

Answer 40

Regular physical activity can be beneficial for individuals with rhinosinusitis as it helps improve overall health, boosts immunity, and promotes mucociliary clearance. Low-impact exercises such as walking, swimming, or cycling are generally recommended to avoid triggering symptoms like exertional dyspnea or worsening congestion. However, patients should consult their healthcare providers before starting any new exercise regimen to ensure it’s safe and suitable for them. Additionally, maintaining proper hydration, warming up slowly, and cooling down after exercises are important to minimize the risk of exacerbating symptoms.

Question 41

What is the role of oral contraceptives in causing or exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 41

Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) may contribute to the development or worsening of rhinosinusitis due to their effects on hormone levels and immune function. Hormonal fluctuations can lead to changes in mucosal secretions, inflammation, and increased risk of infections. However, not all women experience these effects, and the relationship between oral contraceptives and rhinosinusitis is complex. Patients who suspect their birth control pills are contributing to their symptoms should discuss alternative contraception options with their healthcare providers. Additionally, maintaining good overall health habits like regular hand washing, avoiding tobacco smoke, and practicing good sleep hygiene can help reduce the risk of developing or exacerbating rhinosinusitis regardless of oral contraceptive use.

Question 42

How does obesity affect the development and management of rhinosinusitis?

Answer 42

Obesity is a significant risk factor for both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis due to its impact on immune function, inflammation, and mucociliary clearance. Fat tissue produces pro-inflammatory substances that can contribute to sinus inflammation, while obesity-related conditions like sleep apnea or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) further complicate rhinosinusitis management. Weight loss through diet and exercise can improve overall health, reduce inflammation, and potentially alleviate symptoms of rhinosinusitis. However, it’s important for obese individuals with rhinosinusitis to work closely with their healthcare providers on safe and effective weight loss strategies tailored to their specific needs.

Question 43

What is the role of dental hygiene in managing rhinosinusitis?

Answer 43

Good oral hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health, including the sinuses. Poor dental hygiene can lead to gum disease, which increases the risk of bacterial infections and inflammation that can spread from the mouth to the sinuses. Additionally, untreated oral infections like tooth abscesses can directly cause rhinosinusitis by causing pressure on adjacent sinus tissue. Regular dental check-ups, brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and using mouthwash as recommended can help maintain good oral health and potentially reduce the risk of developing or exacerbating rhinosinusitis.

Question 44

What is the role of sleep hygiene in managing rhinosinusitis?

Answer 44

Sleep hygiene is essential for overall health and well-being, and it plays a significant role in managing rhinosinusitis. Poor sleep quality or insufficient sleep can worsen symptoms like congestion, facial pain, and fatigue, making it more difficult to recover from acute episodes or control chronic symptoms. To improve sleep hygiene, individuals with rhinosinusitis should maintain a regular sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, ensure their sleep environment is comfortable and hypoallergenic, limit caffeine intake before bedtime, avoid large meals close to sleep, and practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing exercises or meditation. Additionally, addressing underlying issues like obstructive sleep apnea or nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux can also improve sleep quality and rhinosinusitis management.

Question 45

What is the role of allergies in causing and exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 45

Allergies, particularly to airborne allergens like pollen, mold spores, or dust mites, are a common cause of both seasonal and perennial (year-round) rhinosinusitis. When exposed to allergens, the body’s immune system overreacts, leading to inflammation in the sinuses that can cause symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, and facial pain or pressure. Allergy testing and avoidance measures (e.g., allergen immunotherapy or avoiding trigger allergens) can help manage these symptoms and potentially reduce the risk of developing or exacerbating rhinosinusitis. However, it’s important to note that not all cases of rhinosinusitis are caused by allergies, and other factors may contribute to symptom development and persistence.

Question 46

What is the role of smoking in causing and exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 46

Smoking cigarettes or exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increases the risk of developing and exacerbating both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. The harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke irritate the sinus tissue, reduce mucosal immunity, and impair mucociliary clearance, leading to inflammation and increased risk of infection. Quitting smoking is the best way to improve rhinosinusitis symptoms and overall health. Nicotine replacement therapy or other smoking cessation aids can help individuals quit successfully. Additionally, avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke further reduces the risk of developing or exacerbating rhinosinusitis.

Question 47

What is the role of immunodeficiency in causing and exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 47

Immunodeficiencies, either congenital or acquired due to conditions like HIV/AIDS or cancer treatment, can significantly increase the risk of developing and exacerbating both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. These immunodeficiencies compromise the body’s ability to fight off infections, leading to recurrent or persistent sinus inflammation and symptoms like congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, and loss of smell or taste. Individuals with immunodeficiencies should maintain regular contact with their healthcare providers for monitoring and management of their condition, including treatment of rhinosinusitis. Prophylactic antibiotics may be recommended in high-risk situations to prevent complications like sinusitis.

Question 48

What is the role of genetics in causing and exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 48

While the exact contribution of genetics to the development and severity of rhinosinusitis is not well understood, there may be a hereditary component to some forms of the condition. Genetic factors can influence an individual’s susceptibility to infections, their immune response, or the structure and function of the sinuses. Identifying genetic predispositions can help guide personalized treatment approaches and prevention strategies for rhinosinusitis. Further research is needed to clarify the role of genetics in this condition.

Question 49

What is the role of acid reflux in causing and exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 49

GERD or gastroesophageal reflux disease, characterized by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, can contribute to both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. The acidic content of refluxed material irritates the upper digestive tract and can cause inflammation or injury to the throat, voice box, and sinuses. This results in symptoms like hoarseness, cough, sore throat, postnasal drip, and facial pain or pressure. Treating GERD with medications or lifestyle modifications (e.g., losing weight, avoiding large meals close to bedtime) can improve these symptoms and potentially reduce the risk of developing or exacerbating rhinosinusitis.

Question 50

What is the role of environmental factors in causing and exacerbating rhinosinusitis?

Answer 50

Various environmental factors can contribute to both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, including allergens (e.g., pollens, molds, dust mites), irritants (e.g., cigarette smoke, air pollution, strong odors), and changes in temperature or humidity levels. These factors can trigger or worsen symptoms by causing inflammation in the sinuses, impairing mucociliary clearance, or promoting bacterial or fungal overgrowth. Avoiding or minimizing exposure to these irritants where possible can help manage rhinosinusitis symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

Question 51

How is acute bacterial rhinosinusitis typically treated?

Answer 51

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is usually treated with a course of antibiotics, usually taken orally for 7-10 days. The choice of antibiotic depends on the patient’s allergies and susceptibilities, the severity of symptoms, and the presence of any complications. Pain relief medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be taken to manage facial pain or pressure. Decongestant nasal sprays or oral decongestants may also be used to relieve congestion but should only be used for a few days due to potential rebound congestion. In some cases, surgical drainage of the sinuses (endoscopic sinus surgery) may be necessary if there are persistent complications or antibiotic resistance.

Question 52

How is chronic rhinosinusitis typically treated?

Answer 52

Chronic rhinosinusitis is usually treated with a combination of medications and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Nasal corticosteroid sprays are the mainstay of medical treatment, helping to reduce inflammation and improve mucociliary clearance. Antibiotics may be prescribed for short periods (2-4 weeks) to treat acute bacterial infections or if there is evidence of ongoing sinusitis despite other treatments. Oral or injectable corticosteroids may also be used for severe cases or as a temporary adjunct to nasal sprays. In some cases, endoscopic sinus surgery can improve drainage and reduce inflammation by removing blockages or abnormal tissue from the sinuses. Allergy testing and immunotherapy may also be recommended for patients with allergies contributing to their chronic rhinosinusitis.

Question 53

What is the prognosis for acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 53

The prognosis for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is generally good with appropriate antibiotic treatment, and most cases resolve within 7-10 days. However, some individuals may experience recurrent episodes or develop chronic rhinosinusitis if the underlying cause is not addressed. Acute viral rhinosinusitis typically resolves on its own without specific treatment but can take longer to recover (up to 2 weeks).

Question 54

What is the prognosis for chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 54

The prognosis for chronic rhinosinusitis varies depending on the severity and underlying causes of the condition. Many patients experience significant improvement with medical therapy, especially when combined with surgical intervention if necessary. However, some individuals may have persistent symptoms or require long-term medication or further surgery to manage their condition effectively. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies are essential for improving the quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Question 55

How can I prevent acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 55

To help prevent acute rhinosinusitis: 1. Avoid exposure to allergens or irritants that trigger symptoms (e.g., smoke, pollens, molds).
2. Wash hands frequently, especially during cold and flu season.
3. Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle, including regular exercise and adequate sleep.
4. Use a humidifier or saline nasal spray to keep the nasal passages moist (but avoid sharing these items).
5. Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal infections.
6. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen, especially if accompanied by high fever, severe pain, or swelling around the eyes or cheeks.
7. In cases of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, work with a healthcare provider to identify and address any underlying causes or risk factors (e.g., allergies, anatomical abnormalities). | | How can I prevent chronic rhinosinusitis? | To help prevent chronic rhinosinusitis:
8. Avoid exposure to allergens or irritants that trigger symptoms (e.g., smoke, pollens, molds) as much as possible.
9. Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke.
10. Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle, including regular exercise and adequate sleep.
11. Use a humidifier or saline nasal spray to keep the nasal passages moist (but avoid sharing these items).
12. Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal infections.
13. Seek medical attention for any persistent or recurring sinus symptoms, as early intervention can prevent chronic complications.
14. Consider allergy testing and immunotherapy if allergies are suspected to be a contributing factor.
15. In cases of previous acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, complete the full course of antibiotics and follow up with a healthcare provider to ensure complete resolution of symptoms. |