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ENT > Rhinology > Flashcards

Rhinology Flashcards

1
Q

Round, smooth, soft, translucent, yellow or pale, glistening structure which
result from prolapsed lining of the ethmoid sinus and blocks the nose to variable
degree depending on their size:
A. Antro choanal polyp.
B. Ordinary nasal polyp.
C. Iinverted papilloma.
D. Furuncolosis.
E. Nasal turbinate.

A

Ordinary nasal polyp

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2
Q

It is an IgE mediated hypersensitivity disease of the mucous membrane of the
nasal air way:
A. Acute rhinitis.
B. Chronic rhinitis.
C. Vasomotor rhinitis.
D. Allergic rhinitis.
E. Furuncolosis.

A

Allergic rhinitis

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3
Q

Atopy refers to the tendency to develop an exaggerated IgE antibody response as
reflected by skin prick test in response to one or more of common aeroallergens,
it is extremely common affecting up to :
A. 1/2 of population.
B. 1/3 of population.
C. 1/4 of population.
D. 1/5 of population.
E. 1/6 of population.

A

1/3 of population

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4
Q

Blood supply of the nose:
A. Supplied by external carotid artery only.
B. Supplied by internal carotid artery only.
C. There is no connection with the sagittal sinus.
D. The maxillary artery is the main arterial supply to the nasal fossa.
E. The facial artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery.

A

The maxillary artery is the main arterial supply to the nasal fossa.

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5
Q

Examination of the nose:-
A. Only inferior turbinate can be seen by anterior rhinoscopy.
B. All turbinates can be seen by anterior rhinoscopy.
C. Superior turbinate cannot be seen in children by anterior rhinoscopy.
D. Olfactory epithelium can be seen in children by anterior rhinoscopy.
E. Nasal endoscopy has little to do in routine examination.

A

Superior turbinate cannot be seen in children by anterior rhinoscopy.

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6
Q

The lymphatic drainage of the nose:
A. Go directly to the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes.
B. Never pass to the submental lymph nodes.
C. The tip of the nose is devoid of lymphatic drainage.
D. The posterior part of the nose is drained to the retropharyngeal and upper deep
cervical lymph nodes.
E. None of the above.

A

The posterior part of the nose is drained to the retropharyngeal and upper deep
cervical lymph nodes.

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7
Q

Allergic rhinitis:
A. It is an IgG mediated.
B. Rarely associated with bronchial asthma.
C. Productive cough is the main symptom.
D. It is associated with purulent nasal discharge.
E. It is not uncommon disease.

A

It is not uncommon disease

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8
Q

Anti-cholinergic (topical ipratrobium bromide) is used in the treatment of:
A. Allergic rhinitis.
B. Eosinophilic vasomotor rhinitis.
C. Non- eosinophilic vasomotor rhinitis.
D. Acute rhinitis.
E. Chronic rhinitis.

A

Non- eosinophilic vasomotor rhinitis.

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9
Q

Allergic rhinitis:
A. It is type 2 allergic hypersensitivity reaction.
B. It involves IgM reaction.
C. The mast cells have a major role in pathogenesis.
D. Neutrophil count is essential for diagnosis.
E. It is the main cause of atopy.

A

The mast cells have a major role in pathogenesis.

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10
Q

The external nose shape is maintained by skeletal framework which is composed
of:
A. Bone only.
B. Cartilage only.
C. Bone in upper 1/3 and cartilage in lower 2/3.
D. Bone in upper 2/3 and cartilage in lower 1/3.
E. Bone in upper 1/2 and cartilage in lower 1/2.

A

Bone in upper 1/3 and cartilage in lower 2/3.

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11
Q

The little’s area is supplied by :
A. Superior labial, anterior ethmoidal, greater palatine and spheno-ethmoidal
arteries.
B. Superior labial, posterior ethmoidal, greater palatine and spheno-ethmoidal
arteries.
C. Superior labial, anterior ethmoidal, lesser palatine and spheno-ethmoidal arteries.
D. Inferior labial, anterior ethmoidal, greater palatine and spheno-ethmoidal arteries.
E. None of the above.

A

None of the above.

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12
Q

A ten year old girl presented with pain between the eyes, frontal headache,
discharge from the nose, post nasal drip and high fever; what is the provisional
diagnosis?
A. Acute frontal sinusitis.
B. Acute ethmoidal sinusitis.
C. Acute sphenoidal sinusitis.
D. Sphenoidal tumor.
E. Chronic ethmoidal sinusitis.

A

Acute ethmoidal sinusitis.

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13
Q

All about the vestibule of the nose are true except:
A. It is the entrance to the nasal cavity.
B. It is lined with skin.
C. It contains sebaceous glands and hairs.
D. It is lined by mucus membrane of respiratory type.
E. Can be seen without nasal speculum

A

It is lined by mucus membrane of respiratory type.

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14
Q

Dorsum of the nose is formed by all except:
A. Septal cartilage.
B. Nasal bones.
C. Upper lateral cartilages.
D. Vomer.
E. Maxillary crest.

A

Vomer

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15
Q

Mucosa of the nasal cavity is formed by all but:
A. Skin.
B. Columnar ciliated epithelium.
C. Olfactory epithelium.
D. Occasionally squamous epithelium.
E. Respiratory epithelium.

A

Skin

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16
Q

Vasomotor rhinitis:
A. It is an infective process.
B. It is an allergic process.
C. It is divided in to two groups: eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic.
D. It is a neoplastic process.
E. It is an infective and allergic process.

A

It is divided in to two groups: eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic

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17
Q

What is most true about the function of the paranasal sinuses?
A. They protect the eye.
B. Help in olfaction.
C. They reduce the weight of the skull.
D. Do not appear to have a function.
E. They produce resonance of sound.

A

Do not appear to have a function

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18
Q

Inflammation of the external nose:
A. Furunolosis is due to streptococcus infection.
B. Furuncolosis cannot be complicated by cavernous sinus thrombosis.
C. Usually painless.
D. Need many investigations for diagnosis.
E. Infections should be treated with antibiotics

A

Infections should be treated with antibiotics

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19
Q

Nasal septal hematoma:
A. It is only associated with trauma.
B. It is benign tumour.
C. It is a collection of blood between nasal mucosa and perichondrium.
D. It is mostly unilateral.
E. It is mainly treated by aspiration.

A

It is only associated with trauma.

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20
Q

Regarding deviated nasal septum, which of the following is false?
A. Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common physical disorder.
B. It is most frequently caused by impact trauma.
C. Deviated septum is associated with genetic connective tissue disorders such
as Marfan syndrome.
D. Septal haematoma and septal abscess are complications of its correction.
E. Mostly treated surgically.

A

Mostly treated surgically.

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21
Q

A healthy 15 years male patient presented to the ENT department with right
sided nasal obstruction, foul-smelling and blood-stained discharge. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A. Simple nasal polyp.
B. Rhinolith.
C. Antrochoanal polyp.
D. Foreign body.
E. Angiofibroma.

A

Rhinolith

22
Q

Fractured nose:
A. There are four types.
B. The most common type is type 2.
C. Is the most common facial injuries.
D. Its classification depends on the velocity of trauma only.
E. Diagnosis solely depends on the X-ray finding.

A

Is the most common facial injuries

23
Q

Sluder’s neuralgia:
A. Decongestants resolves the pain temporarily.
B. It is synonymous to posterior ethmoid neuralgia.
C. Pain localized on both sides of the face.
D. Due to compression of deviated septum and inferior turbinate.
E. Pain described as dull type.

A

Decongestants resolves the pain temporarily.

24
Q

The most common three causative bacterial agents of acute sinusitis are:
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella
catarrhalis.
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella
catarrhalis.
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus
aureus.
D. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella
catarrhalis.
E. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and anaerobic bacteria.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella
catarrhalis.

25
Q

Pain due to acute sinusitis:
A. It is not related to the sinus involved.
B. It has a diurnal variation.
C. It is agonizing in open type of sinusitis.
D. Not associated with otalgia.
E. Pain killers alone relieve it.

A

It has a diurnal variation.

26
Q

All of the following are causes of bilateral nasal obstruction except:
A. Adenoids.
B. Allergic rhinitis.
C. Antrochoanal polyp.
D. Ethmoidal polyp.
E. Atrophic rhinitis

A

Antrochoanal polyp.

27
Q

All of the following are complications of sinusitis except:
A. Cavernous sinus septic thrombosis.
B. Meningitis.
C. Toxic shock syndrome.
D. Glomerulonephritis.
E. Pott’s puffy tumor.

A

Glomerulonephritis

28
Q

Regarding the management of sinusitis, which of the following is false?
A. Antibiotics are not recommended for most cases.
B. Nasal endoscopy is generally a completely painless procedure which takes
between five to ten minutes to complete.
C. For sinusitis lasting more than 12 weeks a CT scan is recommended.
D. Imaging by either X-ray, CT or MRI is generally not recommended in acute
sinusitis unless complications develop.
E. Acute sinusitis mostly treated by surgery.

A

Acute sinusitis mostly treated by surgery.

29
Q

Nasal foreign body:
A. Spherical foreign body removed by Telly nasal dressing forceps.
B. Epistaxis is the most common symptom.
C. Chargeable battery should be urgently remove.
D. Only occur in children.
E. Usually bilateral.

A

Chargeable battery should be urgently remove.

30
Q

Local precipitating factor for maxillary sinusitis:
A. Poor diet.
B. Fatigue.
C. Nasal obstruction.
D. Chilling.
E. Irritating atmospheric conditions.

A

Nasal obstruction

31
Q

Definite diagnosis of acute maxillary sinusitis:
A. Facial pain.
B. Antral lavage.
C. Pain in the cheek.
D. Tenderness over the cheek.
E. X-ray- water’s view.

A

Antral lavage

32
Q

The most common cause of epistaxis is:
A. Hypertension.
B. Idiopathic.
C. Fracture nasal bone.
D. Blood diseases.
E. Angiofibroma.

A

Idiopathic

33
Q

All are true about anosmia except:
A. It can be tested by simple objective method.
B. It must be bilateral before it is noticeable.
C. It is often described as loss of taste.
D. It may be due to brain tumor.
E. Trauma is not a cause of it.

A

Trauma is not a cause of it

34
Q

A complication of common cold:
A. Otitis externa.
B. Quinsy.
C. Facial palsy.
D. Maxillary sinusitis.
E. Inverted papilloma.

A

Maxillary sinusitis

35
Q

Symptoms of acute staphylococcus infection of nasal vibrissae include all but:
A. Pain.
B. Fever.
C. Swelling.
D. Nasal obstruction.
E. Headache.

A

Headache

36
Q

Mast cell stabilizers:
A. Can be used in treatment of all kinds of allergic disease.
B. Usually used as the main treatment line in allergic rhinitis patients.
C. Mostly used as prophylactic in seasonal rhinitis.
D. Used as one of the cornerstones in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
E. All the above.

A

Mostly used as prophylactic in seasonal rhinitis.

37
Q

The antrochoanal polyp:
A. Is uncommon.
B. It’s mostly unilateral.
C. Extends immediately to the posterior choana.
D. All the above.
E. None of the above.

A

All the above

38
Q

The main problem in using immunotherapy (hypo-sensitization) in allergic
rhinitis patient is:
A. The cost.
B. Risk of hypersensitivity reaction.
C. Difficulty with identification of the antigen.
D. The technique.
E. All the above.

A

Risk of hypersensitivity reaction

39
Q

All structures open in the middle meatus except:
A. Sphenoid sinus.
B. The maxillary sinus.
C. The frontal sinus.
D. The anterior ethmoid air cells.
E. The middle ethmoid air cells.

A

Sphenoid sinus

40
Q

Stages of common cold include all but:
A. Ischemic stage .
B. Hyperemic stage.
C. Stage of secondary infection.
D. Stage of resolution.
E. Febrile stage.

A

Febrile stage

41
Q

Treatment of common cold include all but:
A. Steam inhalation.
B. Warm fluid.
C. Antibiotics.
D. Bed rest.
E. Analgesia.

A

Antibiotics

42
Q

Which of the following is not a symptom of acute maxillary sinusitis?
A. Pain in the cheek.
B. Tenderness over the cheek.
C. Edema over the cheek.
D. Discharge from the middle meatus.
E. Dullness on trans-illumination

A

Dullness on trans-illumination

43
Q

Best radiological test for maxillary sinus is:
A. Occipito-frontal view.
B. Occipito-mental view.
C. Lateral view.
D. CT scan.
E. Submento-vertical view.

A

CT scan

44
Q

Best section in CT scan for maxillary sinus is:
A. Axial.
B. Coronal.
C. Three dimensional.
D. Sagittal.
E. Transverse.

A

Sagittal

45
Q

In seasonal rhinitis, the early symptom will be:
A. Paroxysms of sneezing occur at frequent intervals throughout the day.
B. Watery rhinorrhea.
C. Loss of smell and loss of taste.
D. Post nasal drip is not common.
E. Facial pain.

A

Paroxysms of sneezing occur at frequent intervals throughout the day.

46
Q

Best treatment line in allergic rhinitis is:
A. Local antihistamine.
B. Local corticosteroid.
C. Systemic corticosteroid.
D. Allergen avoidance.
E. Local vasoconstrictor.

A

Allergen avoidance

47
Q

In perennial rhinitis the commonest cause is:
A. Grass pollen.
B. Tree pollen.
C. Fungi spores.
D. House dust mites.
E. Flour dust.

A

House dust mites

48
Q

The best investigation in antrochoanal Polyp:
A. Skin brick test.
B. Waters view X-ray.
C. Nasal endoscopy.
D. Coronal CT scan.
E. All the above.

A

Coronal CT scan.

49
Q

The antrochoanal polyp:
A. The patient, commonly a young adult, complains of bilateral nasal obstruction.
B. The patient, commonly a young adult, complains of unilateral nasal obstruction
which is worse on inspiration.
C. The patient, commonly an old female, complains of unilateral nasal obstruction
which is worse on expiration.
D. All the above
E. None of the above.

A

None of the above.

50
Q

Not a cause of acute maxillary sinusitis:
A. Acute infective rhinitis.
B. Common cold.
C. Swimming.
D. Fracture of maxillary sinus.
E. Barotrauma.

A

Swimming

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