Rhinitis

Question 0

What are the symptoms of rhinitis.

Answer 0

Runny nose
Itching
Sneezing
Congestion

Question 1

Define rhinitis

Answer 1

Acute or chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa

Question 2

What are the three types of rhinitis?

Answer 2

Allergic
Non-allergic
Mixed

Question 3

What is the process leading to allergic rhinitis?

Answer 3

Presence of allergen causing increase of IgE.
IgE stimulates mast cells and basophils
Re-exposure to allergen causes degranulation of mast cell/ basophils
Release of mediators (histamine etc)
Causes rhinitis. Congestion caused by delayed response of lymphocyte and eosinophil recruitment

Question 4

Define non-allergic rhinitis

Answer 4

Inflammation not involving IgE

Question 5

Causes of non-allergic rhinitis?

Answer 5

Infection
Hormones
Medications

Question 6

How is the increase in mucosal volume leading to difficulty breathing in rhinitis caused?

Answer 6

Increased blood flow to mucosa

OR

increased permeability of blood vessels

Question 7

How do glucocorticoids work on rhinitis?

Answer 7

Reduce vascular permeability
Reduce recruitment of inflammatory markers
Reduce release of inflammatory mediators

Question 8

What is the main therapy option for rhinitis and how is it administered?

Answer 8

Glucocorticoid administered by spray to the nasal mucosa once daily and as a mono therapy usually.

Question 9

Give examples of glucocorticoids.

Answer 9

Beclometasone

Prednisalone