Rheumatology Flashcards
Joint pain as a result of rheumatic diseases is called:
A. morning stiffness
B. myalgia
C. arthralgia
D. arthritis
E. arthrosis
C. arthralgia
Typical symptoms and signs of rheumatic diseases are ALL EXCEPT:
A. swollen and painful joints
B. tachycardia
C. muscle pain
D. morning stiffness of the joints
E. elevated body temperature
B. tachycardia
Which of the following diseases does not manifest with elevated body temperature?
A. systemic lupus erythematosus
B. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener`s granulomatosis)
C. giant-cell arteritis
D. reactive arthritis
E. arthrosis
E. arthrosis
Life-threatening diseases in rheumatology that directly affect life are:
A. rheumatoid arthritis, spondylitis ankylosis
B. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener`s granulomatosis), polyarteritis
nodosa
C. giant-cell arteritis
D. systemic lupus
B. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener`s granulomatosis), polyarteritis
nodosa
D. systemic lupus
Raynaud`s phenomena:
A. the skin of the fingers turns pale/white at first, then blue and at the end red
B. the skin of the fingers turns pale/white at first, then red and at the end blue
C. the skin of the fingers turns red at first, then blue and pale/white at the end
D. the skin of the fingers turns red at first, then pale/white and blue at the end
E. the skin of the fingers turns blue at first, then red and pale/white at the end
A. the skin of the fingers turns pale/white at first, then blue and at the end red
Too frequent hair fall is typical for
a. systemic lupus erythematosus
b. arthrosis
c. giant cell arteritis
d. IgA vasculitis (purpura Henoch-Shoenlein)
a. systemic lupus erythematosus
Dryness of the eye conjuctiva, mouth mucosa and vagina is typical for
a. systemic lups erythematosus
b.Sjorgen’s syndrome
c. Giant cell arteritis
d. poliarteritis nodosa
e. gout
b.Sjorgen’s syndrome
Ulci on nose mucosa and persistent nasal discharge are typical for
a. systemic lupus erythematosus
b. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis)
c. Giant cell arteritis
d. Ankilizirajoči spondylitis
e. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
b. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis)
If the patient mentions spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, we should think of
A. Lyme disease
B. antiphospholipid syndrome
C. eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss syndrome)
D. IgA vasculitis (purpura Henoch-Shoenlein)
E. Systemic Sclerosis
B. antiphospholipid syndrome
During joint examination we use of the rules 5P. This means:
A. to look, feel, move, measure, compare with the opposite side
B. to look, feel, knock, move, compare with the opposite side
C. to look, feel, knock, listen, move
D. to look, feel, knock, listen, compare with the opposite side
E. to look, feel, move, listen, measure
A. to look, feel, move, measure, compare with the opposite side
Swollen and hot joint is the result of
a. active synovitis as a part of rheumatic disease
b. infection
c. crystal-induced arthritis
d. polymyalgia rheumatica
e. arthrosis
a. active synovitis as a part of rheumatic disease
b. infection
c. crystal-induced arthritis
Muscle atrophy: connect the cause and effect
A. interosseal muscle atrophy on hands is characteristic for carpal tunnel syndrome. Atrophy
of the quadriceps is characteristic for arthritis of small joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Atrophy
of thumb bundle is characteristic for chronic arthritis of the knee.
B. interosseal muscle atrophy on hands is characteristic for carpal tunnel syndrome. Atrophy
of the quadriceps is characteristic for chronic arthritis of the knee. Atrophy of thumb bundle is
characteristic for arthritis of small joints in rheumatoid arthritis.
C. interosseal muscle atrophy on hands is characterized by arthritis of the small joints in
rheumatoid arthritis. Atrophy of the quadriceps is typical for carpal tunnel syndrome. Atrophy
of thumb bundle is characteristic for chronic arthritis of the knee.
D. interosseal muscle atrophy of hands is characteristic for arthritis of the small joints in
rheumatoid arthritis. Atrophy of the quadriceps is characteristic for chronic arthritis of
the knee. Atrophy of thumb bundle is characteristic for carpal tunnel syndrome.
E. interosal muscle atrophy of hands is characteristic for chronic arthritis of the knee. Atrophy
of the quadriceps is typical for carpal tunnel syndrome. Atrophy of thumb bundle is
characteristic for arthritis of small joints in rheumatoid arthritis.
D. interosseal muscle atrophy of hands is characteristic for arthritis of the small joints in
rheumatoid arthritis. Atrophy of the quadriceps is characteristic for chronic arthritis of
the knee. Atrophy of thumb bundle is characteristic for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Morning stiffness:
A. feature of arthrosis is morning stiffness that lasts 1-4 hours
B. Patient can shorten morning stiffness with massaging the joint with ice
C. morning stiffness of knee and shoulder is characteristic for early rheumatoid arthritis
D. strong morning stiffness is characteristic for polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid
arthritis
E. morning stiffness is most effectively treated with antibiotics
D. strong morning stiffness is characteristic for polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid
arthritis
We often see Livedo reticularis in the context of:
A. Antiphospholipid syndrome and polyarteritis nodosa,
B. Sjogren’s syndrome
C. fibromyalgia and giant arteritis
D. rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis
E. Lyme disease
A. Antiphospholipid syndrome and polyarteritis nodosa,
The most common reason for the monoarthritis
A. rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis
B. joint infection and crystal-induced arthritis
C. systemic connective tissue diseases and vasculitis
D. joint infection and systemic connective tissue diseases
E. rheumatoid arthritis, and crystal-induced arthritis
B. joint infection and crystal-induced arthritis
Which statements are correct for HEP-2 test?
a) in the case of a positive result we can confirm autoimmune disease with absolute certainty
b) we observe the positive reaction of potentially present autoantibodies in the nucleus at
the time of division, in nucleoli and cytoplasm
c) is usually the first screening test for autoantibodies in the diagnosis of autoimmune
diseases
d) in overlapping syndromes the test is usually negative
b) we observe the positive reaction of potentially present autoantibodies in the nucleus at
the time of division, in nucleoli and cytoplasm
c) is usually the first screening test for autoantibodies in the diagnosis of autoimmune
diseases
Which statements are correct for antinuclear antibodies -ana:
a) it is a part of the HEP-2 test
b) ANA is often positive in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s
syndrome and systemic sclerosis
c) titer of ANA modifies with the activity of autoimmune diseases
d) ANA titer 1:80 or less is irrelevant in the absence of symptoms
a,b,d
As a screening test for the detection of autoantibodies we use
A. ESR
B. the concentration of C-reactive protein
C. investigation on the cellular substrate HEp-2 and anti-ENA
D. investigation of anti-ds-DNA
E. investigation antineutrophil antibodies (ANCA) and anti endomysium antibodies (EMA)
C. investigation on the cellular substrate HEp-2 and anti-ENA
As a first screening test for the presence of autoantibodies in rheumatology we use:
A. ACPA
B. anti-dsDNA
C. anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL)
D. HEP-2 test
E. Antineutrophil antibodies (ANCA)
D. HEP-2 test
In the case of suspected systemic connective tissue disease, the result of ANA 1:40 is:
A diagnostic, the patient certainly has one of the systemic connective tissue diseases
B. diagnostic, but only for systemic lupus erythematosus. In other systemic diseases
connective tissue diseases ANA are not always present
C. extremely susceptible, the likelihood of systemic disease is at least 80 percent content
D. diagnostic for one of the systemic connective tissue diseases, but only if the patient has
also elevated ESR.
E. such a result is obtained in 30% of healthy individuals, therefore the diagnostic value
of this result is negligibly small
E. such a result is obtained in 30% of healthy individuals, therefore the diagnostic value
of this result is negligibly small
Antinuclear antibodies may be found in
a. patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease
b. patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
c. patients with chronic infections
d. cancer patients
e. healthy pregnant women and the elderly
All
Which statements are correct for HEP-2 test?
A. we use neutrophilic granulocytes for he substrate
B. With this test we can detect autoantibodies against antigens of the nucleus during
division, cells in division and cytoplasm
C. with this test we can detected autoantibodies against the Fc part of immunoglobulin G
D. In the case of a negative result we can certainly exclude autoimmune disease
E. the test is always negative in healthy subjects
B. With this test we can detect autoantibodies against antigens of the nucleus during
division, cells in division and cytoplasm
Which statements are correct for ANA test?
a) it is the part of HEp-2 test
b) we evaluate antibodies quantitavely and express them with titer
c) A negative result means that neither in the core nor in the cytoplasm do not see
florescence
d) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease, ANA titers of 1:80 or lower
e) ANA titer compared to the activity of the disease varies
a) it is the part of HEp-2 test
b) we evaluate antibodies quantitavely and express them with titer
c) A negative result means that neither in the core nor in the cytoplasm do not see
florescence
Antibodies against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (anti-PDH) are the most specific for
A. Primary biliary cirrhosis
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Hashimoto thyroiditis
D. gout
E. Giant cell arteritis
A. Primary biliary cirrhosis
Antibodies against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (anti-PDH)
a. are typical for primary biliary cirrhosis
b. are typical for the antiphospholipid syndrome
c. are directed against the mitochondria
d. are directed against DNA
e. give genuine type of fluorescence in the assay on HEp-2 cells
a. are typical for primary biliary cirrhosis
c. are directed against the mitochondria
e. give genuine type of fluorescence in the assay on HEp-2 cells
The presence of antibodies against double-stranded DNA - dsDNA:
a) are one of the criteria for a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
b) they can be found in more than half of patients with SLE
c) are one of the criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
d) equally good is the test against a single-stranded DNA
e) the quantity of antibodies with disease activity does not vary
a) are one of the criteria for a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
b) they can be found in more than half of patients with SLE
For systemic lupus erythematosus the most diagnostically specific antibodies are
A. against a single-stranded DNA
B. against double-stranded DNA
C. against RNA
D. against histones
E. against the mitochondria
B. against double-stranded DNA
antiphospholipid antibodies include
a. Ro antibodies, LA and Jo-1
b. Anticardiolipin antibodies
c. Antibodies against double-stranded DNA
d. Lupus anticoagulants
e. Antibodies against beta 2-glycoprotein
b. Anticardiolipin antibodies
d. Lupus anticoagulants
e. Antibodies against beta 2-glycoprotein
Antiphospholipid antibodies -aPL:
a) are independent prognostic factor for arterial and venous thrombosis
b) we evaluate them 2x, two weeks apart
c) we evaluate them 2x in an interval of 12 weeks
d) at the occurrence of acute thrombosis due to antiphospholipid syndrome the values of aPL
can be negative
a, c, d
In which case is it unnecessary to evaluate antiphospholipid antibodies?
A 70 year old patient with prostate cancer who has got pulmonary embolism
B. In the case of 40-year-old patient with thrombosis of cerebral arteries
C. In 30 year old female who has had 5 miscarriages
D. In the case of a patient with recurrent deep vein thrombosis who mentions that more of his relatives
had had pulmonary embolism
E. In the case of 50 year-old patient who had thrombosis of the vein in his armpit two years ago, and
now has an ischemic cerebrovascular accident
A 70 year old patient with prostate cancer who has got pulmonary embolism
Rheumatoid factor is antibody against
1. a double-stranded DNA
2. histon
3. Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin IgG
4. mitochondria
5. neutrophilic granulocyte
- Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin IgG
The rheumatoid factor:
a) it can be observed in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
b) it can be observed in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia
c) high activity early in the course of rheumatoid arthritis predicts a more aggressive course of
the disease
d) by regular repetition (for 6 months) to monitor disease activity
a) it can be observed in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
b) it can be observed in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia
c) high activity early in the course of rheumatoid arthritis predicts a more aggressive course of
the disease
What applies to the ANCA antibodies?
1. These are the antibodies against neutrophil granulocytes
2. These are antibodies against nuclear antigen
3. Cytoplasmic florescence give most antibodies against myeloperoxidase
4. Perinuclear fluorescence give most antibodies proteinase-3
5. Perinuclear fluorescence give most antibodies against myeloperoxidase
- These are the antibodies against neutrophil granulocytes
- Perinuclear fluorescence give most antibodies against myeloperoxidase
ANCA applies that:
1. are likely to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of vasculitis
2. participate in the activation of neutrophil granulocytes
3. are always present in the serum of patients with vasculitis
4. changes in ANCA levels reflect disease activity
- are likely to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of vasculitis
- participate in the activation of neutrophil granulocytes
- changes in ANCA levels reflect disease activity
The ANCA applies:
1. present in the majority of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s
granulomatosis)
2. present in patients with microscopic polyangiitis
3. two typical immunofluorescence-type (p-ANCA and c-ANCA)
4. To determine the ANCA using HEp-2 test
- present in the majority of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s
granulomatosis) - present in patients with microscopic polyangiitis
- two typical immunofluorescence-type (p-ANCA and c-ANCA)
For ANCA applies :
a) a c - ANCA binding to a proteinase 3 ( PR3 ) in the cytoplasm of neutrophil
granulocytes
b ) a p- ANCA binding to myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) in the cytoplasm of neutrophil
granulocytes
c ) changes in ANCA levels are usually associated with changing disease activity
d) the determination of successive levels of ANCA can monitor response to treatment
All of them
The ANCA applies :
a) p- ANCA were found for systemic necrotizing vasculitis ( p- ancien give
fluorescence anti- MPO )
b) atypical ANCA is a marker for inflammatory bowel disease
c) a c - ANCA figure in most patients with granulomatosis with poliangiitisom (
Wegener’s granulomatosis ) , (c- Anci give fluorescence of anti- PR3 )
d) atypical ANCA may be present in autoimmune hepatitis or sclerosing holangitis
All of them
The ANCA applies :
a) a p- ANCA were found for systemic necrotizing vasculitis,
b ) is positive in most patients with arthritis
c) a c - ANCA figure in most patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis ( granulomatosis of
poliangiitisom )
d) atypical ANCA may be present in autoimmune hepatitis or sclerosing holangitis
A,C,D
ANCA applies :
a) a c - ANCA binding to myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) in the cytoplasm of neutrophil
granulocytes
b ) a p- ANCA binding to a proteinase 3 ( PR3 ) in the cytoplasm of neutrophil
granulocytes
c) the level of antibodies ANCA patients a more or less constant and is the activity of the
disease does not alter the
d) the determination of the level of ANCA in successive samples can monitor
response to treatment
d) the determination of the level of ANCA in successive samples can monitor
response to treatment
Rheumatoid arthritis at the beginning most commonly affects
A. Metacarpophalangeal and metatarzofalangeal joint
B. Elbows
C. distal interphalangeal joints
D.Proximal toe joint
E. temporomandibular joint
A. Metacarpophalangeal and metatarzofalangeal joint
Rheumatoid factor -RF:
a) If it is negative, the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is excluded
b) high titers suggest a more aggressive course of rheumatoid arthritis
c) may also be present in patients who do not have rheumatic diseases
d) is present in more than half of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome and mixed
cryoglobulinemia
b) high titers suggest a more aggressive course of rheumatoid arthritis
c) may also be present in patients who do not have rheumatic diseases
d) is present in more than half of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome and mixed
cryoglobulinemia
Antibodies to cyclic citrulinated peptide - ACPA:
a) are found in 15-30% patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which have a
negative RF
b) are characteristic for the RA and occur independently of the rheumatoid factor
(RF)
c) occur late in the course of RA
d) predict a more favorable the course of the disease
b) are characteristic for the RA and occur independently of the rheumatoid factor
(RF)
Antibodies against the cytoplasmic antigen of neutrophil granulocytes (ANCA):
a) occur in psoriatic arthritis and are characteristic for it
b) with the activity of the disease, the concentration of ANCA is changeing
c) present in some vasculitis, ande certain glomerulonephritis
d) are typical for systemic sclerosis
b) with the activity of the disease, the concentration of ANCA is changeing
c) present in some vasculitis, ande certain glomerulonephritis
Antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens of neutrophil granulocytes (ANCA)
a) cytoplasmic fluorescence (c-ANCA) shows antibodies against proteinase 3 (PR-3)
and occur with high diagnostic value in granulomatosis with poliangiitisom
(Wegener’s granulomatosis)
b) perinuclear fluorescence (p-ANCA) shows antibodies against myeloperoxidase
(MPO) and dominate in microscopic poliangiitisu and glomerulonephritis
c) with the activity of the disease varies their concentration
d) they are often present in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD)
All of them
In rheumatoid arthritis:
a. the development of destructive changes occurs early (within 1 month) in the course of
the disease
b. radiographic investigation has pathognomonic characteristics
c. articular involvement is usually symmetrical
d. hand is the test area for diagnostic imaging
b. radiographic investigation has pathognomonic characteristics
c. articular involvement is usually symmetrical
d. hand is the test area for diagnostic imaging
In rheumatoid arthritis, on the x-ray we see:
a) thickening of periarticular the soft tissues
b) symmetrical involvement small joints of the hands and feet with involvement of the
distal interphalangeal joints
c) symmetric involvement small joints of the hands and feet without affecting the
distal interphalangeal joints
d) the inflammation extends proximally to the other joints (wrists, elbows, hocks and
knees)
A,C,D
Connect the correct combination of answers:
1) early radiological signs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
b. thickening of periarticular soft tissues
c. expansion of joint space
f. periarticular osteophorosis
2) Late radiological signs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA
a. joint space narrowing
d. subluxation of ulna and radius
e. deformation in the form of a swan-neck
Late in the course of rheumatoid arthritis we find:
a) luxation of individual bones of the carpus on the interphalangeal joints are visible
deformation in the form of a swan neck
b) wrist joints are not affected
c) frontal atlanotoaxial subluxation and subluxation of the axis, which may lead to
tetraplegia and death
d) in functional imaging we find excessive extension of antedental space
c) frontal atlanotoaxial subluxation and subluxation of the axis, which may lead to
tetraplegia and death
In spondyloarthritis we find:
a) the presence of inflammatory processes in the insertions of joint capsules, tendons,
fascia
b) insertion of the Achilles tendon and the insertions of tendons on the os ilium are rarely
affected
c) the most commonly affected are insertions of the frontal longitudinal ligament of
the vertebrae
d) changes in sacroiliac joints
A,c,d
In the case of suspected ankylosing spondylitis we perform the following imaging
tests:
A RTG both wrists, knees, feet, functional imaging of atlanto-occipital joint, if necessary
ultrasound of small joints of hands
B ultrasound of the shoulder joint, if necessary also CT and MRI of the shoulder joint
C RTG of sacroiliac joints, if necessary, magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac
joints
D RTG wrists, feet, if necessary, ultraosund of joint space
E MRI knee
C RTG of sacroiliac joints, if necessary, magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac
joints
We find typical X-ray changes in ankylosing spondylitis on:
a) on the upper part of the sacroiliac joints in sacral side
b) in the active phase of the disease we see undergoing processes of destruction and
reparation, so the radiological picture is diverse
c) the MRI show early synovial proliferation and periarticular hyperemia
d) at an early stage occurs ankylosis and joint space narrowing
b) in the active phase of the disease we see undergoing processes of destruction and
reparation, so the radiological picture is diverse
c) the MRI show early synovial proliferation and periarticular hyperemia
In the case of ankylosing spondylitis:
a) Sacroiliitis normally appears before spondylitis
b) spondylitis is the first and often the only finding in the context of ankylosing
spondylitis
c) the inflammatory process spreads through the spine from the neck down to the sacrum
d) with normal X-ray picture we reliably exclude spondylitis
a) Sacroiliitis normally appears before spondylitis
In the case of ankylosing spondylitis we find:
a. the X-ray image of the spine looks like a bamboo
b. inflammatory synovial activity is similarly active as in rheumatoid arthritis
c. can take place without impairment of peripheral joint
d. compared with RA the atlantooccipital joints are rarely affected
a. the X-ray image of the spine looks like a bamboo
c. can take place without impairment of peripheral joint
d. compared with RA the atlantooccipital joints are rarely affected
For ankylosing spondylitis the following applies:
a) Common affected large joints (hips, shoulders)
b) we do not find pronounced joints erosions, periarticular ostheoporosis and
pseudocysts
c) coxitis is often the first sign of the disease
d) small joints of arms and legs are often affected
a) Common affected large joints (hips, shoulders)
b) we do not find pronounced joints erosions, periarticular ostheoporosis and
pseudocysts
In psoriatic arthritis rule, we find:
a. symmetrical involvement of the proximal joints in the arms
b. asymmetrically (isolated) involvement of the distal interphalangeal joints of hands
c. isolated involvement of all joints of the same finger (sausage finger)
d. mild destructive process
b. asymmetrically (isolated) involvement of the distal interphalangeal joints of hands
c. isolated involvement of all joints of the same finger (sausage finger)
In psoriatic arthritis:
a. early on we find a marked periostosis
b. There is asymmetric impairment of the small joints of the hands and feet
c. can occur pronounced destruction of the entire joinz
d. simultaneous affection of the spine and sacroiliac joints with high probability excludes
psoriatic arthritis
a. early on we find a marked periostosis
b. There is asymmetric impairment of the small joints of the hands and feet
c. can occur pronounced destruction of the entire joinz
For psoriatic arthritis applies:
a) impairment of sacroiliac joints (Sacroiliitis) is generally one-sided
b) sindesmophytes and parasindesmophytes are rough, asymmetrical
c) frequently we find bone fusions of individual interphalangeal joints
d) atlanto-occipital joints in psoriatic arthritis are never affected
a) impairment of sacroiliac joints (Sacroiliitis) is generally one-sided
b) sindesmophytes and parasindesmophytes are rough, asymmetrical
c) frequently we find bone fusions of individual interphalangeal joints
In the diagnostic imaging of reactive arthritis we find:
a. asymmetric mono-, oligo- or polyarthritis
b. more commonly affected joints of the lower limbs, joints hands rarely
c. destructive changes in joints are less extensive than in psoriatic arthritis
d. changes in the spine and sacroiliac joints are similar to those of psoriatic arthritis
A,b,c,d
In the case of gout arthritis are often affected:
A. metatarsophalangeal joints of the thumb, tarsometatarsal joinzs
B. ankle and knee joints
C. distal finger joints of hands and feet
D. wrist, atlantooccipital joints
E. sacroiliac joints
A. metatarsophalangeal joints of the thumb, tarsometatarsal joinzs