Rheumatology Flashcards
if someone has rheumatoid arthritis what are they at increased risk of and how does it relate orally?
sjogrens
dry mouth
what are signs of dry mouth during exam?
: Tendency of the mucosa to stick to a dental mirror or tongue spatula; food residues
within the oral cavity; frothiness of saliva, particularly in the lower sulcular reflection; and the
absence of frank salivation from major gland duct orifices.
what would tongue appear as?
The tongue may develop a characteristic appearance: a lobulated, red surface with partial or
complete depapillation. Salivary gland enlargement
for sjogrens test what must you do?
- do checks for occular signs and oral signs
- ask questions about dry eyes and dry mouth
- for occular test do schrimer test
- for oral test - is their unstimular whole salivary flow <1.5ml in 15 min
what are signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis?
Signs and symptoms of RA include:
Pain or aching in more than one joint
Stiffness in more than one joint
Tenderness and swelling in more than one joint
The same symptoms on both sides of the body (such as in both hands and both knees)
Weight loss
Fever
Fatigue or tiredness
Weakness
what are risk factors of RA?
Age.
Sex. - higher in women than men.
Genetics/inherited traits. People born with specific genes are more likely to develop RA.
These genes, called HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genotypes, can also make your
arthritis worse. The risk of RA may be highest when people with these genes are exposed to
environmental factors like smoking or when a person is obese.
Smoking.
History of live births. Women who have never given birth may be at greater risk of
developing RA.
Early Life Exposures. Some early life exposures may increase risk of developing RA in
adulthood. For example, one study found that children whose mothers smoked had double
the risk of developing RA as adults. Children of lower income parents are at increased risk of
developing RA as adults.
Obesity.
how is RA diagnosed?
RA is diagnosed by reviewing symptoms, conducting a physical examination, and doing X-rays and
lab tests. It’s best to diagnose RA early—within 6 months of the onset of symptoms—so that people
with the disease can begin treatment to slow or stop disease progression (
how is RA treated?
RA can be effectively treated and managed with medication(s) and self-management strategies.
Treatment for RA usually includes the use of medications that slow disease and prevent joint
deformity, called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs); biological response modifiers
(biologicals) are medications that are an effective second-line treatment. In addition to medications,
people can manage their RA with self-management strategies proven to reduce pain and disability,
allowing them to pursue the activities important to them. People with RA can relieve pain and
improve joint function by learning to use five simple and effective arthritis management strategies.
what are complications of RA?
Premature heart disease.
Obesity
Employment
what is osetoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases,
or when the structure and strength of bone changes. This can lead to a decrease in bone strength
that can increase the risk of fractures (broken bones).
what can you do to help prevent osteoporosis?
Staying physically active by participating in weight-bearing exercises such as walking.
Drinking alcohol in moderation.
Quitting smoking, or not starting if you don’t smoke.
Taking your medications, if prescribed, which can help prevent fractures in people who have
osteoporosis.
Eating a nutritious diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to help maintain good bone health.
when does women tend to get osteoporosis?
a year or 2 before menopause
what medications can increase risk of osteoporosis?
cancer medications and glucocorticoid steroids, may increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.
risk factors of osteoporosis?
- age
- sex
- body size - slender
- race - white asian
- family history
- changes to hormones - such as low oestrogen or testosterone
- diet
- other medical conditions - such as endocrine, gastro, arthritis, cancer, HIV
- medications - gulutocortico steroids, antiepilectic, cancer, proton pump, serotonin inhibitor, thiazolidenione
- lifetyle - don’t ecercise, alcholoic,
treatment of osteoporosis?
- nutriton
- lifestyle changes
- exercise
- fall prevention
- medications
