Rheumatology

Question 1

What is the purpose of a neutrophil

Answer 1

circulate in blood and respond to inflammation

kill invading organisms via phagocytosis, degranulation, and extracellular traps

Question 2

What is the purpose of a natural killer cell

Answer 2

innate immunity against intracellular infections (ex viruses)
kill
produce cytokines

Question 3

what is the purpose of a macrophage

Answer 3

arrive after neutrophils
suppress neutrophil efflux
phagocytose neutrophil debris
secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to microbial debris

Question 4

what is the purpose of a dendritic cell?

Answer 4

actively phagocytose
activated by signals from toll-like receptor (TLR)
release pro-inflammatory cytokines
present antigens to T-cells in lymph nodes

Question 5

what is the purpose of an eosinophil

Answer 5

respond to inflammatory cytokines
degranulate
release reactive oxygen species and cytokines
*assoc with allergy, asthma, and parasitic infection

Question 6

what is the purpose of a mast cell?

Answer 6

present in connective tissue and mucosa;

allergen cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cell triggers degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators

Question 7

What are the different mechanisms of immune-mediated disorders? (4)

Answer 7

Type 1 - Immediate Hypersensitivity (IgE classification)
Type 2 - Cytotoxic (formation of antibody)
Type 3 - Immune Complex (formation and deposition of Antigen-Antibody complexes)
Type 4 - Cell-Mediated/Delayed Hypersensitivity

Question 8

What are the causes of Joint Pain?

Answer 8

SOFTER TISSUE
Sepsis
OA
Fracture
Tendon/muscular
Epiphyseal
Referred
Tumour
Ischaemia
Seropositive arthritides
Seronegative arthritides
Urate (gout)
Extra-articular rheumatism