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Rheumatology Colour guide > Rheumatoid Arthritis > Flashcards

Rheumatoid Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Chronic polyarthritis

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2
Q

Is RA symmetrical?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is seen patholigcally with RA?

A

Chronic proliferative synovitis with villous hypertrophy, lymphocytic infilration and nodules

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4
Q

Which gender is more affected by RA?

A

Women

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5
Q

What age group is most affected with RA?

A

20-55

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6
Q

What causes RA?

A

Unknown
Formation of immune complexes in joint
Activation of complement and attract neutrophils
Phagocytosis of immune complexes
Release of inflammatory mediators
Continual inflammation stimulates formation of proliferative synovitis
Pannus formation

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7
Q

What joints of the Hand does RA affect?

A

PIPs

MCPs

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8
Q

What is a boutonniere deformity?

A

Flexed PIP

Hyperextended DIP

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9
Q

What is a swan neck deformity?

A

Hyperextended PIP

Flexed DIP

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10
Q

What other joints can be affected in RA?

A

Feet (MTPjs)
All peripheral joints
Spine (upper cervical region)

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11
Q

What bursal cyst is found near the knee and may rupture?

A

Baker’s cyst

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12
Q

Which tendon has ruptured in a ‘dropped finger’?

A

Extensor tendons

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13
Q

Which tendon has ruptured if there is an inability to flex the finger?

A

Flexor tendon

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14
Q

What may cause trigger finger?

A

Tendon sheath involvement

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15
Q

What is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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16
Q

What general systemic manifestations occur with RA?

A 
Weight loss
Low-grade fever
Lymph node ennlargement
Oedema
Anaemia
Osteoporosis
Infections
17
Q

What are rheumatoid nodules?

A

Painless fleshy lumps varying in size

18
Q

Where are rheumatoid nodules typically found?

A

Over the olecranon

19
Q

What is caplan syndrome?

A

Deep rheumatoid nodules in the lungs

20
Q

What can cause damage to the spinal cord?

A

Severe RA of the mid and upper cervical spine

21
Q

What eye diseases can occur with RA?

A

Episcleriits

Scleritis

22
Q

What other systemic manifestations can occur with RA?

A 
Skin ulceration (usually over sacrum)
Palmar erythema
23
Q

What are the early radiological features of RA?

A

Juxta-articular OA and eroisions

24
Q

What are the late radiological features of RA?

A

Loss of joint space
Bone destruction
Subluxation

25
Q

What is 1st line treatment for RA?

A

Methotrexate

26
Q

What is the 2nd line treatment for RA?

A

Sulfasalazine

Rheumatology Colour guide (4 decks)

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