Rheumatic Arthritis Flashcards
What is RA?
Chronic auto immune system illness characterised by symmetrical poly arthritis and other systemic features
Where does RA affect?
Most commonly the small joints of the hands, wrists and feet
What is the ration of females to males?
3:1
What is the typical age of onset?
4th/5th decade but may occur at any age from 16
What factors contribute to the aetiology?
Genetics
Environmental
Hormonal
How does genetic cause RA?
Rises 2-4% in sibling and 12-15% in monozygotic twins
Genetic contribution is estimated to be 50-60%
HLA-DRB1
Sequence of amino acids at postions 70 to 74 termed the shared epitope and consistent identified as a risk factor
What are environmental risk factors?
Cigarettes smoking
Chronic infection eg periodontal disease, EBV and parvovirus B19
What are hormonal risk factors?
Earl age at menopause
Low testosterone
What are symptoms?
Pain
Morning stiffness > 30 mins
Immobility
Poor function
Systemic symptoms
What are signs of RA?
Swelling
Tenderness
Warmth/ redness
Limitation of movement
What are non specific clinical signs of RA?
Fatigue/ lassitude
Weight load
Anaemia
What are specific clinical signs of RA?
Eyes, lungs, nerves, skin, kidneys
What are long term clinical signs?
CVS, malignancy
What are investigations for RA?
Baseline bloods
Immunology
Xray
Ultrasound
What blood investigations should be done?
FBC, kidney function, livers function, CRP and ESR