Rhetorical Terms & Vocab

Question 1

Polemic

Answer 1

A personal attack

Question 2

Propaganda

Answer 2

The use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics to da,age or promote a cause

Question 3

Connotation

Answer 3

Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition

Question 4

Denotation

Answer 4

The literal or primary meaning of a word

Question 5

Syllogism

Answer 5

A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion

EXAMPLE:
Major premise: exercise contributes to better health
Minor premise: yoga is a type of exercise
Conclusion: yoga contributes to better health

Question 6

Syntax

Answer 6

Arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences

Question 7

Anaphora

Answer 7

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or lines

Question 8

Zeugma

Answer 8

Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.

Question 9

Compound sentence

Answer 9

More than one subject or predicate connected with a ;

Question 10

Imperative sentence

Answer 10

Gives advice or expresses a request or command

Question 11

Declarative sentence

Answer 11

Makes a sentence or “declares” something

Question 12

Cumulative sentence

Answer 12

Independent clause followed by a series of subordinate phrases or clauses that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea

“Accumulates”

Question 13

Interrogative sentence

Answer 13

Asks a question

Question 14

Complex sentence

Answer 14

Contains a subordinate clause or clauses connected with a ,

Question 15

ad hominem fallacy

Answer 15

Switching from the argument at hand to the character of another person

Question 16

Circular reasoning

Answer 16

Repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence

Question 17

Faulty analogy

Answer 17

Compares 2 things that are not comparable

Question 18

Claims of Fact

Answer 18

Asserts something is true or not true

Question 19

Claims of Policy

Answer 19

Proposes change

Question 20

Claims of Value

Answer 20

Argues something is good or bad, right or wrong

Question 21

Open thesis

Answer 21

One that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay

Question 22

Closed thesis

Answer 22

A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make

Question 23

Counter argument thesis

Answer 23

An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. A strong writer will address it with a concession and refutation

Question 24

Induction

Answer 24

Starts with reasons, reaches conclusion

Question 25

Deduction

Answer 25

Starts with conclusion, lists reasons why Deduction is the umbrella over syllogism

Question 26

Rogerian argument

Answer 26

Fully understanding the opposing viewpoint in order to refute it

Question 27

Comparison between two objects, items, or features

Answer 27

Analogy

Question 28

Making a reference to another work, author, text, essay, speech,etc

Answer 28

Allusion

Question 29

Creating a visual image in the mind of the reader

Answer 29

Imagery

Question 30

Something that happens when you expect the opposite

Answer 30

Irony

Question 31

A contradictory expression (a small jumbo burrito)

Answer 31

Oxymoron

Question 32

Comparison between two things not using like or as

Answer 32

Metaphor

Question 33

Emotional aura of work as perceived by the audience

Answer 33

Mood

Question 34

Pow! Bam!

Answer 34

Onomatopoeia

Question 35

Words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, that contain structural similarity; patterns, repetition; adds emphasis or organization or simply provides rhythm

Answer 35

Parallel structure

Question 36

Appeal to authors credibility, has audience's best interest at heart

Answer 36

Ethos

Question 37

Appeal to audiences sense of logic

Answer 37

Logos

Question 38

Appeal to audiences emotion

Answer 38

Pathos

Question 39

Comparison using like or as

Answer 39

Simile

Question 40

Represents or stands for something else

Answer 40

Symbol

Question 41

Describes authors attitude towards his or her material, audience, or both

Answer 41

Tone

Question 42

Slippery snakes slithered | Broadening Britten's boundaries

Answer 42

Alliteration

Question 43

Word choice

Answer 43

Diction

Question 44

Using language to inflict ridicule, or the opposite of what you mean: audience may not understand if not properly used

Answer 44

Sarcasm

Question 45

Question asked for the purpose of establishing a point or meaning- questions we really don't need or want directly answered

Answer 45

Rhetorical question

Question 46

A sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end

Answer 46

Periodic sentence

Question 47

A work that targets something for reform or ridicule, uses wit, irony, sarcasm, hyperbole, understatement, etc making fun of something to make a serious point

Answer 47

Satire

Question 48

Using kinder words or phrasing of language | "Passed away" instead of "died"

Answer 48

Euphemism

Question 49

The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern to create a song effect

Answer 49

Repetition

Question 50

1st person: I, me 2nd person: you 3rd person: he, she The perspective from which the author tells the story or gives viewpoint

Answer 50

Point of view

Question 51

Helps bring the writing together: therefore nevertheless, on the other hand, in addition

Answer 51

Transitions

Question 52

Tempers an argument by making a statement less absolute: usually, probably, maybe, in most cases oust likely

Answer 52

Qualifiers

Question 53

Directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition; has o be arguable

Answer 53

Claim | Thesis

Question 54

Extreme over exaggeration

Answer 54

Hyperbole

Question 55

Ironic minimizing of fact, presenting something as something as less important or significant than it actually is

Answer 55

Understatement

Question 56

Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights, manipulating language to achieve this effect perhaps with rhyme, play on words, puns

Answer 56

Wit

Question 57

Abstract usage to create effect

Answer 57

Figurative language

Question 58

Concrete, exact meaning or intention by the author

Answer 58

Literal language

Question 59

When two opposite viewpoints, ideas or concepts are placed close to each other for effect Beauty and ugliness Young and old Dark and light

Answer 59

Juxtaposition

Question 60

Changing points in the text

Answer 60

Shifting

Question 61

A denial of the validity of an opposing argument

Answer 61

Refutation

Question 62

An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable

Answer 62

Concession

Question 63

Words sounding similar that are pleasant to the ear.... They also appeal because the listener can almost predict a part of the speech

Answer 63

Rhyming

Question 64

In order to emphasize the important points lists are often used

Answer 64

Listing

Question 65

A short statement of a general truth or wise observation, a brief statement of a principle "There is only one happiness in life: yo love and be loved" -George Sand

Answer 65

Aphorism

Question 66

A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; the submission of the name of an attribute for that of the thing actually meant "The press" -journalists "Put your John Hancock her" -sign here

Answer 66

Metonymy