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AP Lang > Rhetorical Terms & Vocab > Flashcards

Rhetorical Terms & Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Polemic

A

A personal attack

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2
Q

Propaganda

A

The use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics to da,age or promote a cause

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3
Q

Connotation

A

Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition

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4
Q

Denotation

A

The literal or primary meaning of a word

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5
Q

Syllogism

A

A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion

EXAMPLE:
Major premise: exercise contributes to better health
Minor premise: yoga is a type of exercise
Conclusion: yoga contributes to better health

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6
Q

Syntax

A

Arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences

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7
Q

Anaphora

A

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or lines

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8
Q

Zeugma

A

Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.

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9
Q

Compound sentence

A

More than one subject or predicate connected with a ;

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10
Q

Imperative sentence

A

Gives advice or expresses a request or command

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11
Q

Declarative sentence

A

Makes a sentence or “declares” something

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12
Q

Cumulative sentence

A

Independent clause followed by a series of subordinate phrases or clauses that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea

“Accumulates”

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13
Q

Interrogative sentence

A

Asks a question

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14
Q

Complex sentence

A

Contains a subordinate clause or clauses connected with a ,

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15
Q

ad hominem fallacy

A

Switching from the argument at hand to the character of another person

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16
Q

Circular reasoning

A

Repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence

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17
Q

Faulty analogy

A

Compares 2 things that are not comparable

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18
Q

Claims of Fact

A

Asserts something is true or not true

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19
Q

Claims of Policy

A

Proposes change

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20
Q

Claims of Value

A

Argues something is good or bad, right or wrong

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21
Q

Open thesis

A

One that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay

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22
Q

Closed thesis

A

A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make

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23
Q

Counter argument thesis

A

An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. A strong writer will address it with a concession and refutation

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24
Q

Induction

A

Starts with reasons, reaches conclusion

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25
Q

Deduction

A

Starts with conclusion, lists reasons why

Deduction is the umbrella over syllogism

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26
Q

Rogerian argument

A

Fully understanding the opposing viewpoint in order to refute it

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27
Q

Comparison between two objects, items, or features

A

Analogy

28
Q

Making a reference to another work, author, text, essay, speech,etc

A

Allusion

29
Q

Creating a visual image in the mind of the reader

A

Imagery

30
Q

Something that happens when you expect the opposite

A

Irony

31
Q

A contradictory expression (a small jumbo burrito)

A

Oxymoron

32
Q

Comparison between two things not using like or as

A

Metaphor

33
Q

Emotional aura of work as perceived by the audience

A

Mood

34
Q

Pow! Bam!

A

Onomatopoeia

35
Q

Words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, that contain structural similarity; patterns, repetition; adds emphasis or organization or simply provides rhythm

A

Parallel structure

36
Q

Appeal to authors credibility, has audience’s best interest at heart

A

Ethos

37
Q

Appeal to audiences sense of logic

A

Logos

38
Q

Appeal to audiences emotion

A

Pathos

39
Q

Comparison using like or as

A

Simile

40
Q

Represents or stands for something else

A

Symbol

41
Q

Describes authors attitude towards his or her material, audience, or both

A

Tone

42
Q

Slippery snakes slithered

Broadening Britten’s boundaries

A

Alliteration

43
Q

Word choice

A

Diction

44
Q

Using language to inflict ridicule, or the opposite of what you mean: audience may not understand if not properly used

A

Sarcasm

45
Q

Question asked for the purpose of establishing a point or meaning- questions we really don’t need or want directly answered

A

Rhetorical question

46
Q

A sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end

A

Periodic sentence

47
Q

A work that targets something for reform or ridicule, uses wit, irony, sarcasm, hyperbole, understatement, etc making fun of something to make a serious point

A

Satire

48
Q

Using kinder words or phrasing of language

“Passed away” instead of “died”

A

Euphemism

49
Q

The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern to create a song effect

A

Repetition

50
Q

1st person: I, me
2nd person: you
3rd person: he, she
The perspective from which the author tells the story or gives viewpoint

A

Point of view

51
Q

Helps bring the writing together: therefore nevertheless, on the other hand, in addition

A

Transitions

52
Q

Tempers an argument by making a statement less absolute: usually, probably, maybe, in most cases oust likely

A

Qualifiers

53
Q

Directly expresses the author’s opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition; has o be arguable

A

Claim

Thesis

54
Q

Extreme over exaggeration

A

Hyperbole

55
Q

Ironic minimizing of fact, presenting something as something as less important or significant than it actually is

A

Understatement

56
Q

Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights, manipulating language to achieve this effect perhaps with rhyme, play on words, puns

A

Wit

57
Q

Abstract usage to create effect

A

Figurative language

58
Q

Concrete, exact meaning or intention by the author

A

Literal language

59
Q

When two opposite viewpoints, ideas or concepts are placed close to each other for effect
Beauty and ugliness
Young and old
Dark and light

A

Juxtaposition

60
Q

Changing points in the text

A

Shifting

61
Q

A denial of the validity of an opposing argument

A

Refutation

62
Q

An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable

A

Concession

63
Q

Words sounding similar that are pleasant to the ear…. They also appeal because the listener can almost predict a part of the speech

A

Rhyming

64
Q

In order to emphasize the important points lists are often used

A

Listing

65
Q

A short statement of a general truth or wise observation, a brief statement of a principle
“There is only one happiness in life: yo love and be loved” -George Sand

A

Aphorism

66
Q

A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; the submission of the name of an attribute for that of the thing actually meant
“The press” -journalists
“Put your John Hancock her” -sign here

A

Metonymy

AP Lang (1 decks)

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