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AP Lang > Rhetorical Terms > Flashcards

Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Simile

A

Figure of speech, compares to unlike things using like, as, than, or resembles

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2
Q

Personification

A

Figure of speech, attribution of personal nature or human characteristics to something not human

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3
Q

Apostrophe

A

Speaking to someone that is dead/something like it can understand you like they can hear you

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4
Q

Allusion

A

A loose reference to a person/thing of historical/political context (literary/historical reference in a text)

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5
Q

Hyperbole

A

Extravagant exaggeration (not meant to be taken literally)

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6
Q

Irony

A

Expressions of meaning by using the opposite

  1. Verbal Irony: saying one thing and meaning another
  2. Situational Irony: irony of a situation
  3. Dramatic Irony: audience knows something the characters don’t
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7
Q

Understatement

A

Make light of a situation (to hide the importance)

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8
Q

Paradox

A

A seemingly self-contradictory statement or proposition, but in reality expresses a possible truth

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9
Q

Oxymoron

A

Figure of speech where contradictory terms are put next to each other to create an effect

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10
Q

Epithet

A

Any word or phrase applied to a person or thing to describe an actual or attributed quality

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11
Q

Bathos

A

Falling into inconsequential/absurd metaphors, disruptions, or ideas in an effort to increase emotion or passion

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12
Q

Euphemism

A

Substitution a mild, indirect or vague expression thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt

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13
Q

Parallelism

A

Use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter

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14
Q

Rhetorical Question

A

Figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked to make a point, rather than elicit an answer

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15
Q

Antithesis

A

Contrasting two ideas using similar phrasing. Contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent places, clauses, or sentences

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16
Q

Inversion

A

Normal order of words reversed for effect or emphasis of meter

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17
Q

Anaphora

A

Repetition of initial word to create a rhyming scheme/prove a point

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18
Q

Anathema

A

Something/someone that is intensely disliked/loathed

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19
Q

Aphorism

A

Brief sentence/phrase that expresses an opinion/makes a statement of wisdom

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20
Q

Epigram

A

Short and clever poem/witty saying

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21
Q

Satire

A

A way of using humor to show that someone/something is foolish or bad

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22
Q

Parody

A

Imitation of someone’s work: mimicking/poking fun at something for comic effect (character)

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23
Q

Mock Heroic

A

When character/normal event is treated with grandeur (heroic style) for coming effect. (Mocking)

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24
Q

Allegory

A

A story in which characters/events are symbols that stand for ideas/political/historical situation

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25
Q

Fable

A

Concise and brief story that uses plants, animals or forces of nature with human traits to teach a moral lesson

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26
Q

Myth

A

Not factual: relies on religion, superstition, or stories to explain the world

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27
Q

Parable

A

Children’s short story that teaches a lesson (allegorical)

28
Q

Logos

A

A statement/sentence/argument used to persuade the audience by using reason/logic

29
Q

Pathos

A

An appeal to emotion/feelings

30
Q

Ethos

A

Character, trustworthiness, or credibility of the writer/speaker

31
Q

Syllogism

A

A deductive scheme of a formal argument consisting of a major and minor premise and a conclusion

32
Q

Major Premise

A

Formal logical argument containing the major term. Premise of a syllogism

33
Q

Minor Premise

A

Formal logical term containing a minor term. Subject of a syllogism

34
Q

Induction

A

A conclusion reached through reasoning

35
Q

Deduction

A

Using logic/reason to form an opinion/conclusion

36
Q

Hasty Generalization

A

A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by a sufficient or unbiased evidence

37
Q

Faulty Causality

A

Event/action that influences another that is not reasonably related

38
Q

Begging the Question (circular argument)

A

Fallacy in which the premise concludes that the conclusion is true (indirectly/directly) by assuming the conclusion is true

39
Q

Equivocation

A

The use of equivocator ambiguous expressions: especially in order to mislead more than one interpretation

40
Q

Non Sequitur

A

A statement that is not connected in a logical or clear way to anything said before it

41
Q

Ad Hominem

A

A fallacy in which a claim/argument is rejected based on a fact about the person presenting the argument (attacking the person to weaken argument)

42
Q

Denotation

A

The explicit/direct meaning of a word/expression (exact definition)

43
Q

Connotation

A

The implied meaning of the word (emotional association)

44
Q

Elegy

A

Mournful, melancholy, or planted poem (ex. A funeral song or a lament for the dead)

45
Q

Alliteration

A

Repeating of consonant sounds in a word/phrase/sentence

46
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

The naming of a thing/action with a vocal immigration of its sound

47
Q

Anadiplosis

A

Technique where the last word of the sentence becomes the first word of the next sentence

48
Q

Epanalepsis

A

Repeating word or phrase with words in-between that set off repetition and add surprise/emphasis (same word/phrase open and closes a speech

49
Q

Antimetabole

A

Repeating words in reverse order for surprise/emphasis

50
Q

Chiasmus

A

Words/grammatical constructions/concepts repeated in reverse order for effect

51
Q

Ellipsis

A

The artful omniscient of a word implied by a previous clause with “…” (Left out because it is not needed)

52
Q

Asyndeton

A

Omission of a conjunction before the last term in a series

53
Q

Analogy

A

A comparison in which an idea/thing is compared to another thing that is quite different

54
Q

Aristotelian Logic

A

Logos (using reasoning)

55
Q

Argument as Populem

A

Popular appeal: an argument that concludes a proposition to be true because many or all people believe it

56
Q

Bandwagon

A

A popular activity/effort/cause that becomes popular thought the thought that “everyone is doing it” (propaganda)

57
Q

Red Herring

A

Something that distracts attention from the real issue (diversion from the main point)

58
Q

Aristotelian Concession/Conclusion

A

Conceding to a point in an argument (agreeing with opponent). Not out of weakness, but as an ethical appeal. Admit opponent is valid, while still upholding your own view

59
Q

Colloquial

A

Writing/speaking in an informal or slangy way vs. formal speech (ordinary conversation over formal speech)

60
Q

Metaphor

A

Figure of speech, something is applied/compared not literally

61
Q

Metonymy

A

One term is substituted for another term with which it is closely associated

62
Q

Circumlocution

A

Talking around the subject

63
Q

Lampoon

A

Sharp ridicule of the behavior or character of a person or institution

64
Q

Caricature

A

A ludicrous exaggeration of persons or things

65
Q

False Dichotomy

A

Consideration of only the two extremes and not any of the “middle ground” or intermediate possibilities

66
Q

Equivocation

A

Telling part of the truth, while deliberately hiding the entire truth

AP Lang (1 decks)

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