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AP English > Rhetorical, Literary, and Grammatical Terms > Flashcards

Rhetorical, Literary, and Grammatical Terms Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Allegory

A

In an allegory, a metaphor is extended so that objects, persons, and actions in a text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text.

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2
Q

Alliteration

A

Repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence

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3
Q

Allusion

A

A brief, usually indirect reference to a person,place, or event - real or fictional.

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4
Q

Ambiguity

A

The presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage

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5
Q

Anadiplosis

A

The rhetorical repetition of one or several words; specifically, repetition of a word that ends one clause at the beginning of the next.

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6
Q

Analogy

A

Reasoning or arguing from parallel cases

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7
Q

Anaphora

A

The repetition or a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or lines

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8
Q

Anecdote

A

A short account of an interesting or humorous incident, intended to illustrate or support some point

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9
Q

Anticipation

A

General name for argumentative strategies whereby a speaker or writer foresees and replies to objections

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10
Q

Anticlimax

A

An abrupt shift from a noble tone to a less exalted one - often for comic effect

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11
Q

Antistrophe

A

Repetition of the some word or phrase at the end of successive clauses

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12
Q

Antithesis

A

Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction

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13
Q

Apostrophe

A

A sudden turn from the general audience to address a specific group or person or personified abstraction absent or present

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14
Q

Asyndeton

A

Lack of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words

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15
Q

Chiasmus

A

A rhetorical figure in which elements are presented in the order ABBA.

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16
Q

Circumlocution

A

The use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language to avoid getting to the point

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17
Q

Clause

A

A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate

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18
Q

Cliche

A

A trite expression - often a figure of speech whose effectiveness has been worn out through over use and excessive familiarity

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19
Q

Climax

A

Arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of ascending power. Often the last emphatic word in one phrase or clause is repeated as the first emphatic of the next

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20
Q

Commonplace

A

Any statement or bit of knowledge that is commonly shared among a given audience or a community

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21
Q

Complex Stentence

A

A sentence that contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause

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22
Q

Compound Sentence

A

A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses

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23
Q

Concession Argument

A

Argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer anticipates a disputed point and addresses it, granting some ground to the other side while reaffirming the over all superiority of their own position

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24
Q

Dash

A

A mark of punctuation used to set off a word or phrase after an independent clause or to set off words, phrases, or clauses that interrupt a sentence

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25
Q

Declarative Sentence

A

A sentence that makes a statement

26
Q

Deduction

A

A method of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises

27
Q

Dependent clause

A

A group of words that begins with a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction

28
Q

Doublespeak

A

Language intended to disguise, distort, or obscure its actual meaning

29
Q

Epiphora

A

Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses

30
Q

Euphemism

A

Substitution of an agreeable or at least non-offensive expression for one whose plainer meaning might be harsh or unpleasant

31
Q

Fragment

A

A group of words that begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation point but is grammatically incomplete

32
Q

Hyperbole

A

An extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect

33
Q

Irony

A

Use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; a statement or situation where the meaning is directly contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea.

34
Q

Litotes

A

Understatement, for intensification, by denying the contrary of the thing being affirmed

35
Q

Metaphor

A

An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common

36
Q

Metonymy

A

A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated

37
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

Use of words to imitate natural sounds; accommodation of sound to sense

38
Q

Oxymoron

A

A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side

39
Q

Paradox

A

An assertion seemingly opposed to common sense, but that may yet have some truth in it

40
Q

Parable

A

A short and simple story that illustrates a lesson

41
Q

Parallelism

A

Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.

42
Q

Parenthesis

A

The insertion of a verbal unit that interrupts the normal flow of the sentence

43
Q

Parody

A

A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule

44
Q

Persona

A

Voice or mask that an author or speaker or performer puts on for a particular purpose

45
Q

Personification

A

A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities

46
Q

Polysyndeton

A

The repetition of conjunctions in a series of coordinate words, phrases, or clauses

47
Q

Premise

A

A proposition upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn; either the major or the minor proposition of a syllogism in a deductive argument

48
Q

Refutation

A

The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer counters opposing points of view

49
Q

Rhetoric

A

The art of persuasion - using language to convince or sway an audience - or the study of that art

50
Q

Rhetorical Question

A

A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected, often because the answer is already apparent

51
Q

Simile

A

An explicit comparison between two things using “like” or “as”

52
Q

SImple Sentence

A

A sentence with only one independent clause

53
Q

Style

A

Narrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament speech or writing; broadly, as representing a manifestation of the person speaking or writing

54
Q

Syllepsis

A

Use of a word with two others, with each of which it is understood differently

55
Q

Synecdoche

A

A figure of speech is which a part is used to represent the whole, the whole for a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific, or the material for the thing made from it.

56
Q

Syntax

A

The study of the rules that govern the way words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. THe arrangement of words in a sentence

57
Q

Tenor

A

The underlying idea or the principal subject that is the meaning of a metaphor

58
Q

Understatement

A

Figure of speech in which a writer deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is

59
Q

Vehicle

A

In a metaphor, the figure itself. A metaphor carries two ideas: the vehicle and the tenor or underlying idea

60
Q

Zeugma

A

The use of a word to modify or govern two or more words, usually in such a manner that it applies to each in a different sense, or makes sense with only one

AP English (1 decks)

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