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English 5-6 AP > Rhetorical Devices > Flashcards

Rhetorical Devices Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Not related to the concrete properties of an object; pertaining to ideas, concepts, or qualities, as opposed to physical attributes

A

abstract

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2
Q

Narrative form in which characters and actions have meanings outside themselves; characters are usually personifications of abstract qualities

A

allegory

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3
Q

The repetition of initial consonant sounds or any vowel sounds within a formal grouping, such as a poetic line or stanza, or in close proximity in prose

A

alliteration

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4
Q

A figure of speech which makes brief, even casual reference to a historical or literary figure, event, or object to create a resonance in the reader or to apply a symbolic meaning to the character or object of which the allusion consists

A

allusion

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5
Q

Use of language in which multiple meanings are possible. It can be unintentional through insufficient focus on the part of the writer; in good writing, it is frequently intentional in the form of multiple connotative meanings, or situations in which either the connotative or the denotative meaning can be valid in reading.

A

ambiguity

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6
Q

Use of historically inaccurate details in a text; for example, depicting a 19th-century character using a computer. Some authors employ this for humorous effect, and some genres, such as science fiction or fantasy, make extensive use of this

A

anachronism

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7
Q

A brief story or tale told by a character in a piece of literature

A

anecdote

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8
Q

Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data.

A

annotation

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9
Q

Character or force in a literary work that opposes the main character, or protagonist

A

antagonist

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10
Q

Protagonist of a literary work who does not embody the traditional qualities of a hero (e.g., honor, bravery, kindness, intelligence)

A

antihero

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11
Q

The presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs. “To be or not to be…” “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country….”

A

antithesis

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12
Q

Rhetorical argument in which the speaker claims to be an expert or relies on information provided by experts

A

appeals to authority

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13
Q

Rhetorical argument in which the speaker attempts to affect the listener’s personal feelings

A

appeals to emotion

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14
Q

Rhetorical argument in which the speaker attempts to persuade the listener through use of deductive reasoning

A

appeals to logic

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15
Q

Writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of this

A

argumentation

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16
Q

The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in successive or proximate words.

A

assonance

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17
Q

The person(s) reached by a piece of writing.

A

audience

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18
Q

A novel or story whose theme is the moral or psychological growth of the main character.

A

bildungsroman

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19
Q

Descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person’s appearance or a facet of personality

A

caricature

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20
Q

Ordinary language; the vernacular

A

colloquial

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21
Q

A word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing

A

colloquialism

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22
Q

Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities.

A

concrete language

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23
Q

What is implied by a word, not just by the word’s dictionary definition

A

connotation

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24
Q

The repetition of two or more consonants with a change in the intervening vowels

A

consonance

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25
Q

A direct opposition between things compared; inconsistency

A

contradiction

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26
Q

A riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; it may also be a paradox or a difficult problem

A

conundrum

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27
Q

The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example

A

deduction

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28
Q

The reasoning process by which a conclusion is drawn from set of premises and contains no more facts than these premises

A

deductive

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29
Q

The dictionary definition of a word; the direct and specific meaning

A

denotation

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30
Q

The picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch; one of the four modes of discourse

A

description

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31
Q

A particular word pattern or combination of words used in a literary work to evoke a desired effect or arouse a desired reaction in the reader

A

devices

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32
Q

An author’s choice of words to convey a tone or effect

A

diction

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33
Q

Intended for teaching or to teach a moral lesson

A

didactic

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34
Q

Spoken or written language, including literary works; the four traditionally classified modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion.

A

discourse

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35
Q

Ghostly counterpart of a living person or an alter ego

A

doppleganger

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36
Q

An imaginary place where people live dehumanized, often fearful

A

dystopia

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37
Q

When a writer appeals to readers’ emotions to excite and involve them in the argument

A

emotional appeal; pathos

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38
Q

A sudden or intuitive insight or perception into the reality or essential meaning of something usually brought on by a simple or common occurrence or experience

A

epiphany

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39
Q

A piece of writing in praise of a deceased person

A

epitaph

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40
Q

When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in this, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audience’s confidence.

A

ethical appeal; ethos

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41
Q

A speech or writing in praise of a person or thing; an oration in honor of a deceased person

A

eulogy

42
Q

Substitution of a milder or less direct expression for one that is harsh or blunt

A

euphemism

43
Q

An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern

A

example

44
Q

The art of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. This usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.

A

explication

45
Q

The immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot; also, explanation; one of the four modes of discourse

A

exposition

46
Q

To hint at the present things to come in a story or play

A

foreshadow

47
Q

Language that is lofty, dignified, or impersonal

A

formal language

48
Q

Term used to describe literary forms, such as tragedy, comedy, novel, or essay

A

genre

49
Q

Anything that causes laughter or amusement; up until the end of the Renaissance, it meant a person’s temperament

A

humor

50
Q

An overstatement characterized by exaggerated language

A

hyperbole

51
Q

A word or words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the sense. It is always a concrete representation.

A

image

52
Q

Sensory details in a work; the use of figurative language to evoke a feeling, call to mind an idea, or describe an object. This involves any or all of the five senses

A

imagery

53
Q

The process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization

A

induction

54
Q

Conclusion or type of reasoning whereby observation or information about a part of a class is applied to the class as a whole

A

inductive

55
Q

A conclusion one can draw from the presented details

A

inference

56
Q

A situation or statement characterized by significant difference between what is expected or understood and what actually happens or is meant. It is frequently humorous, and can be sarcastic when using words to imply the opposite of what they normally mean

A

irony

57
Q

The special language of a profession or group. It usually has pejorative associations with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders

A

jargon

58
Q

Placing of two items side by side to create a certain effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purpose

A

juxtaposition

59
Q

When a writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reasons, the process of reasoning

A

logical appeal; logos

60
Q

Songlike; characterized by emotions, subjectivity, and imagination.

A

lyrical

61
Q

The method or form of a literary work; the manner in which a work of literature is written

A

mode

62
Q

The feeling or ambience resulting from the tone of a piece as well as the writer/narrator’s attitude and point of view. The effect is created through descriptions of feelings or objects that establish a particular feeling such as gloom, fear, or hope.

A

mood

63
Q

Recurrent device, formula, or situation that often serves as a signal for the appearance of a character or event

A

motif

64
Q

The telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama; one of the four modes of discourse

A

narration

65
Q

Desire to return in thought or fact to a former time

A

nostalgia

66
Q

An impersonal presentation of events and characters. It is a writer’s attempt to remove himself or herself from any subjective. personal involvement in a story

A

objectivity

67
Q

A word capturing or approximating the sound of what it describes

A

onomatopoeia

68
Q

When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument

A

oversimplification

69
Q

A figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements

A

oxymoron

70
Q

A short tale that teaches a moral; similar to but shorter than an allegory

A

parable

71
Q

A statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true

A

paradox

72
Q

Recurrent syntactical similarity where several parts of a sentence or several sentences are expressed alike to show that the ideas in the parts or sentences equal in importance; adds balance, rhythm, and clarity to the sentence

A

parallelism

73
Q

A satirical imitation of a work of art for the purpose of ridiculing its style or subject

A

parody

74
Q

When a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions. The aspects of a literary work that elicit sorrow or pity from the audience. May be used as means to persuade

A

pathetic appeal; pathos

75
Q

The voice or figure of the author who tells and structures the story and who may or may not share the values of the actual author

A

persona

76
Q

Treating an abstraction or nonhuman object as if it were a person by giving it human qualities

A

personification

77
Q

A character’s view of the situation or events in the story

A

perspective

78
Q

A form of argumentation, one of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion

A

persuasion

79
Q

The view the reader gets of the action and characters in a story

A

point of view

80
Q

Information or rumor deliberately spread to help or harm a person, group, or institution

A

propaganda

81
Q

The ordinary form of written language without metrical structure, as distinguished from poetry or verse

A

prose

82
Q

The chief character in a work of literature

A

protagonist

83
Q

Word or phrase used two or more times in close proximity

A

repetition

84
Q

Exposition, description, narration, argumentation

A

rhetorical modes

85
Q

Rhetorical modes

A

exposition, description, narration, argumentation

86
Q

A question that does not expect an explicit answer, used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience

A

rhetorical question

87
Q

A sharp caustic remark, A form of verbal irony in which apparent praise is actually bitterly or harshly critical

A

sarcasm

88
Q

A literary style used to make fun of or ridicule an idea or human vice or weakness

A

satire

89
Q

The voice of a work; an author may speak as himself or herself or as a fictitious persona null

A

speaker

90
Q

A character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and who lacks individuality; a conventional patter, expression, or idea

A

stereotype

91
Q

An author’s characteristic manner of expression - his or her diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to this

A

style

92
Q

A personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author’s feelings and opinions

A

subjectivity

93
Q

The way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. It is sentence structure and how it influences the way a reader perceives a piece of writing.

A

syntax

94
Q

The central or dominant idea or concern of a work; the main idea or meaning

A

theme

95
Q

Focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based

A

thesis

96
Q

The attitude a literary work takes towards its subject and theme, reflects a narrator’s attitude

A

tone

97
Q

A word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph

A

transition

98
Q

Words and devices that bring unity and coherence to a piece of writing

A

transition words

99
Q

The opposite of exaggeration, a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended

A

understatement

100
Q

An imaginary place of ideal perfection

A

utopia

101
Q

The acknowledged or unacknowledged source of words of the story; the speaker, a “person” telling the story or poem

A

voice

English 5-6 AP (1 decks)

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