rhetorical choices--terms (RA essay)

Question 1

alliteration

Answer 1

repetition of the same sound beginning several words in a sequence
e.g Let us go forth to lead the land we love

Question 2

allusion

Answer 2

brief reference of sth

Question 3

anaphora

Answer 3

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines

e. g not as a call to bear arms, not as a call to battle…
e. g let freedom ring… let freedom ring…

Question 4

antimetabole

Answer 4

repetition of words in reverse order

e. g ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country
e. g I know what I like, and I like what I know
e. g Eat to live, not live to eat

Question 5

antithesis

Answer 5

opposition, or contrast, of idea or words in a parallel construction 
exact opposite(extreme opposite of any subject) 
An oxymoron is a phrase that uses two contradictory or opposing terms, while an antithesis is a device that presents two contrasting ideas in a sentence (but not in the same phrase).

e. g we shall support any friend, oppose any foe
e. g Man proposes, God disposes.
e. g give me liberty or give me death

Question 6

archaic diction

Answer 6

old-fashioned or outdated words

e.g beliefs for which our forebears fought

Question 7

asyndeton

Answer 7

omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words

e. g we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend to assure the survival and success of liberty.
e. g I came. I saw. I conquered

Question 8

cumulative sentences

Answer 8

sentences that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on
e.g but neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course — both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter ….

e.g He dipped his hands in the bichloride solution and shook them–a quick shake, fingers down, like the fingers of a pianist above the keys.

Question 9

hortative sentence

Answer 9

sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action

e. g let both sides explore what problems unite us ….
e. g just try it at least once!

Question 10

imperative sentence

Answer 10

sentence used to command or enjoin (give a task)
difference from hortative: hortative is urging, imperative is necessary

e. g my fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will fo for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man
e. g move out of the way!

Question 11

inversion

Answer 11

inverted order of words in a sentence

e. g United there is little we cannot fo in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do
e. g “Yesterday saw I a ship,” or “Yesterday a ship I saw.”
e. g “ To the park we go” “Wonderful is the way I feel”

Question 12

juxtaposition

Answer 12

placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.

e. g we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth…that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century…
e. g Better late than never. .
e. g What’s good for the goose is good for the gander.

Question 13

metaphor

Answer 13

figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as
e.g ‘My brother’ is a piglet

Question 14

oxymoron

Answer 14

paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another

e. g but this peaceful revolution
e. g clearly confused

Question 15

parallelism

Answer 15

similarity of structures in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
In anaphora, repetition of same words is seen whereas, in parallelism, exact words are not repeated, but words or phrases identical in meaning, or similar in structure or sound are used

e.g Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime

Question 16

periodic sentence

Answer 16

sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end

e. g To that world assembly of sovereign state, the United nations, our last best hope in an age where the instrument of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support…
e. g In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued
e. g With low taxes, beautiful views and a mild climate, this city is a great place to live.

Question 17

personification

Answer 17

attribution of lifelike quality to an inanimate object or idea

e. g with history the final judge of our ideas
e. g The wind howled in the night.

Question 18

rhetorical question

Answer 18

figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer

e. g will you join in that historic effort?
e. g You didn’t think I would say yes to that, did you?

Question 19

synecdoche

Answer 19

figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole

e. g in your hand, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our courses
e. g bread for food, white house for presidency

Question 20

zeugma

Answer 20

use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous （out of place), meanings;
the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words usually in such a manner that it applies to each in a different sense or makes sense with only one
e.g now the trumpet summons us again— not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need— not as a call to battle, though embattled we are —- but a call to bear the burden…
e.g she broke his car and his heart
e.g I lost my keys and my temper