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Social Advocacy > Rhetoric Of Agitation and Control > Flashcards

Rhetoric Of Agitation and Control Flashcards

Summarize chapters

1
Q

What is rhetoric traditionally defined as

A

process by which speakers persuade audience members to strengthen or alter their beliefs or convince them to take a specific action

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2
Q

What is rhetoric defined in the book

A

the rationale of instrumental symbolic behavior

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3
Q

When is a message or act instrumental

A

If it contributes to the production of another message in action

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4
Q

What is an example of an instrumental action/message

A

Outstanding student essay instrumental to professor getting an A

A politician’s campaign appeals may be instrumental in persuading members of an audience to vote for her in the next election

UC Berkeley announced tthat students couldnt use traditional gathering places to distribute literature and recruit for off-campus political activities —> Pissed them off —> led protests —> behavior led to first major student revolt of 1960s (INSTRUMENTAL)

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5
Q

Instrumental behavior is categorized by which two behaviors

A

Expressive and Consummatory

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6
Q

What is expressive behavior

A

Not mean to incite or succeed in producing social change

EXAMPLE - Carpenter’s exclamation when he or she strikes his or her thumb

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7
Q

What is consummatory behavior

A

when it is the final step to satisfying a need
…
no other behavior is necessary to satisfy the need

EX~ the constituent’s vote in an election is consummatory

or

professor’s assignment to a grade is consummatory

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8
Q

Define ideological statements

A

elaboration of rationalizations and stereotypes into a consistent pattern that details and explains the group’s goals

EXAMPLE ~ Capitalism is an evil system

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9
Q

Define rhetorical statements

A

ex ~ capitalism is an evil system that should be replaced by one that is fair to all individuals

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10
Q

When is behavior symbolic

A

when it has a referential function in which it stands for something else

example ~

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11
Q

Words may be

A

un/intentionally rhetorical

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12
Q

traditional definition for AGITATION

A

persistent, long term advocacy for social change , where resistance to the change is also persistent and long term

** : Agitation is a style of persuasion characterized by a highly emotional argument based on the citation of grievances and alleged violation of moral principals

Both definitions not fully defining agitation, each definition has an aspect that the other is lacking,

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13
Q

Definition of agitation according to the book —>

A

Exists when… ppl outside normal decision-making establishments… advocate significant social change… and encounter a degree of resistance within the establishment such as to require more than the normal discursive means of persuasion

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14
Q

What is control?

A

the response of the decision making establishment to agitation

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15
Q

What is social change?

A

an alteration to how a society self regulates

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16
Q

Significant social change

A

Hard to define significant, what may be significant to some may not be significant to all

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17
Q

People outside the normal decision making establishment

A

Establishment is relative
Depends on where you are at
Many countries have 1 dictator with all the power
Other countries has a small body of decision makers who hold legitimate power of the organization

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18
Q

How is power distributed within the organization

A

1- legislation
power of deciding policy

2- enforcement
power of administering negative and positive sanctions to those who violate or observe the policies

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19
Q

Resistance such as to require more than the normal discursive means of persuasion

A

Agitators must use forms of persuasion beyond verbal appeals.

Agitation exists when a movement for significant social change meets such resistance within the establishment that agitators must use more than the normal discursive means of persuasion to call attention to their grievances and to achieve their goals

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20
Q

why does agitation occur

A

when an individual or group has a significant grievance other than challenging the social order by using whatever means of persuasion are available or necessary

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21
Q

what are the 2 kinds of agitation

A

agitation based on vertical deviance

&&

agitation based on lateral deviance

22
Q

what is agitation based on vertical deviance

A

agitators accept the value system of the establishment but dispute the distribution of benefits or power within that value system

More likely to be understood ideologically

EXAMPLE ~ workers within the american labor movement stayed in the establishment but disagreed over fund distribution

23
Q

what is agitation based on lateral deviance

A

when agitators dispute the value system itself and seek to change or replace it with a competing value system

issues are less direct and more complex

ex ~ DESTORY THE SYSTEM

24
Q

Control ~

A

When an establishment gains power its major task from that point forward is to maintain its dominant position

25
Q

Establishments have advantage over agitators because…

A

their superior poweer and their ability to adjust to activts’s tactics

establishments has control of language through its ability to name and to define what is correct in society, to define nature of authority, to outline the rules of society, and to specific terms under which members o fsocoeity must obey the rules

26
Q

2 aspects of goal orientation

A

structure and goal orientation

27
Q

what is goal orientation

A

set of expressed or implied purposes like self-perpetuation , maintenance of a value system , gathering information

28
Q

explain ideologiy

A

a set of statments that define the unique characteristics of the organization and express the unique set of beliefs to which the member subscribe

29
Q

Social organizations distribute 3 things

A

structure
goal orientation
social power

30
Q

research generated what generalizations about power…

A

1 - need for social power in some form is almost a universal attribute western culture

2- an individual or a group seldom gives up power voluntarily to another individual or group

3- the exercise of social power is satisfying in itself to most individuals in westrn culture

31
Q

what are the 5 types of power

A 
reward power,
coercive power,
legitimate power,
referent power,
expert power
32
Q

what is reward pwer

A

more rewards the first gives, the more influenced the 2nd one is of the reward power

rewards can be by both withdrawal or adding
ex: dad can punish or bribe daughter

33
Q

what is coercive power

A

influence a group w/ threat or punishment

ex~ scam call i got

34
Q

what is legitimate power

A

type of power exists when one individual or group is perceived by another as having an assigned position - like charter or social contract - of wielding influence

ex - elected officials

35
Q

what is referent powr

A

individual influenced is attracted to and identifies with that individual or group. power coming from having a desire to be identified with a group

36
Q

what is expert power

A

when one individual or group thinks that another has superior knowledge or skill in a particular area in whhich influence is to be exerted

37
Q

all 5 powers can be reduced to reward and ….

A

coercive power

38
Q

how is power likely to be distributed in agitation and control

A

1- estbalishment holds legitmate power

39
Q

explain rumor

A

occurs when info is passed from one individual to another w/o official verification/denial or when info is passed from one individual to another in the absence of any trustworthy official source

can occur when either those in position to know remain silent or when those in a position to know the truth cannot be relied on to tell it

40
Q

3 processes of the course of a rumor’s life

A

leveling - many dettails get lost as the initial story gets told and retold

sharpening - details arent eliminated through leveling are exaggerated

3rd = assimilation/contrast - individuals unintentionally distort the rumor to make it fit more neatly into their own system of beliefs and values

41
Q

what are strategies

A

general choices available to dissenters& establishment

42
Q

what are tactics`

A

more specific choices governed by strategies

43
Q

what are the 8 strategies of agitation

A 
Petition
Promulgation
Solidification
Polarization
Nonviolent Resistance
Escalation/Confrontation
Gandhi and Guerilla
Revolution
44
Q

What is petition

A

Normal means to propose change, present establishment with proposal

Pet involves tactics like selection of appeals, target audiences, types+sources of evidence, appropriate tone of message, style of language

45
Q

what is promulgation

A

strat where agitators publicly proclaim their goals and it includes tactics designed to win public support for the agitators’ position

types of of tactics employed - exploit mass media, use tech, use internet, info picketing, posters, bumpstick, paint message, dist handbills+leaflets, protest meetings

46
Q

media owners are

A

estbalishment members who have specific ideas on how news ought to be reported

47
Q

What is solidification

A

occurs within agitating group, serve promul & polarizing functs, to unite followers, to create a sense of community that may be vital to movement success

48
Q

tactics used in solid

A

plays, funerals+rituals, songs, art+poetry, slogans, comics, bumpstick, expressive esoteric symbols, clothing, creation of positive terms, consciousness-raising groups, in group publications

49
Q

what is polarization

A

assumes that any1 not with the group is with etablishmet

uses tactics to move individual into agitation ranks

50
Q

what is nonviolent resistance

A

popular strategy
employs physical presence
uses physical and/or economic absence

ex: agitators violate laws they consider unjust… creative disordr… sit ins, rent strikes, boycotts, fasts, blocking entrances to buildings, chaining self 2 tree

nonviolent resistance energy directed towards elminating policy not peeps, recruit peeps instead

requires persistence

51
Q

what is escalation/ confontation

A

based on the belief that when the establishment becomes sufficiently apprehensive, it will over prep for agitation, overprep will confuse establishment + estab turn on themselves.

tactics:
- contrast= lead establishment 2 believe large group against, use of rumor + underground press

  • threatened disruption = rumors + underground press cause tension w/ attitudes & objectives of the agitators which force establishment to prep to combat deliberate disregard of laws and property destruction
  • nonnegotiable demands - no room for establishment to move, increase battle between groups
  • nonverbally offensive = dress in strange ways, display +carry posters of establishment values, flip ppl off
  • verbal obscene deprecation = fuck lbj, fuck daley
  • nonverbal obscenity= throw pisspoop, spit on popo,
  • token violence = minor attacks to reps of estab

Social Advocacy (1 decks)

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