Rhetoric/ Figurative Language Quiz Flashcards
juxtaposition
placing two contrasting images or ideas next to each other for dramatic effect. “the flames of withering injustice” “great beacon of hope” —using light in a neg. connotation and then pos.
anaphora
repeating the same word or phrase at the BEGINNING of successive clauses, sentences, or paragraphs “when you have….” “when you have….” or honorary speech “this individual…” “this individual….”
Epistrophe
repeating the same word or phrase at the END of successive clauses, sentences or paragraphs. Like in pep talks, “……..because Tuesdays are for the dodgers” OR in crystal stair”…….keep going” “….keep going”
Euphemism
taking something that would be particularly negative (harsh,cruel,scary, etc.) and phrasing it in a much more positive light. i.e. people who are lazy: “respectors” “believers of convenience” —- still mean but nice
hyperbole
an exaggeration used to emphasize a particular point or argument. “those who SCRATCHED and CLAWED their way to the american dream” or “its a MILLION degrees outside, I cannot play outside”
parallelism
constructing different parts of a complex sentence in an equal manner by using the same grammatical structures. “of the people, by the people, for the people” “no pain, no gain” “it takes one, to know one” “whoever smelt it, delt it”
rhetorical question
using hypothetical questions (ones where the answer is already implied) to add evidence to a critical argument. ie. stating a common obvious in a question: “should moses have told the children of Israel to live in slavery?” or as a hook “is it ethical to eat animals?” — gets people thinking/ fired up
understatement
using targeted phrasing to make a very important development or occurrence sound less important than it really is. i.e. sarcasm “the roofs are fine the kids a shower anyway” —comparing the leaking water to a shower faucet—-
Amplification
Amplifier: filters sound to make it clearer and thus louder.
repeating an important word or phrase while adding more details and examples to each line/ each time. “The dog is an excellent breed” –> “The dog is an excellent breed, full of intelligence, loyalty, and overall healthfulness.”
Paradox
contradictory ideas that might sound illogical, but with further investigation might possibly be true. “Don’t study the night before your PSAT, if you want to pass” “death is the single best invention of life” “it was the beginning of the end”
polysyndeton
“poly”: numerous
including more conjunctions than necessary between successive phrases within a sentence. i.e. like a five year old “and,and, and, and, and I” – driving the point home, or scared
asyndeton
“a” - without
failing to include conjunctions between successive phrases within a sentence. “without the caress, the wink, the unconditional love” “reduce, reuse, recycle” “live, love, laugh”
ethos
Speaker. proving the speaker is reliable/ credible/ trustworthy. -using first person pronouns - MUST be about the SPEAKER.
goal: make the audience listen to and respect the speaker. i.e. “regardless” -> not circumstantial, assertive
“communists” –> creates a common enemy so speaker relates with audience. “I’m gonna put in the work through the ups and downs” I will do it/you can count on me
pathos
Audience. appeal to emotions. influencing their emotions.
-utilize powerful stories, descriptions, inspirational moments, unbearable situations.
-stark contrasts, figurative language to describe situations ideas or images
-repetition
-powerful word choice to elicit emotional response
-imagery, paint an upsetting picture in the reader’s mind
logos
Message. appeal to logic.
-using logic and evidence and reason
-using facts or statistics
-dates and times of events
-logical statements that the audience can relate to through reason and past experience
-incorporates evidence backed up by research … whether real or fake. “we may never get there, but we certainly won’t IF we don’t try” –think about if your on trial
