rhetoric 1 2 3

Question 1

anacolutha

Answer 1

Substituting one word with another whose meaning is very close to the original, but in a
non-reciprocal fashion; that is, one could not use the first, original word as a substitute for the second. This is the opposite of acaloutha. {Ex. “When Diana lighteth Late her crystal lamp, Her pale glory kindleth / From her brother’s fire.” –the manuscript of Benediktbeuern. The word “glory” is being used instead of “light”, but the replacement is not reciprocal; “light” would probably not be used for “glory.”

Question 2

anamnesis

Answer 2

Calling to memory past matters. More specifically, citing a past author
from memory. {Ex. “Was it not Socrates who said the unexamined life is
not worth living?”}

Question 3

chiasmus

Answer 3

Repetition of ideas in inverted order. {Ex. “But O, what damned minutes tells he
o’er, Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet strong loves” –Shakespeare, Othello 3.3 The idea of affection occurs in’ dotes’ and ‘strongly loves’; the idea of doubting in ‘doubts’ and ‘suspects’. These two ideas occur in an ABBA order, thus repeated and inverted.

Question 4

epizuegma

Answer 4

Placing the verb that holds together the entire sentence either at the very
beginning or the very ending of that sentence. {Ex. epizeugma at the beginning: “Fades beauty with disease or age.” epizeugma at the ending: “Either with disease or age beauty fades.”}

Question 5

mesodiplosis

Answer 5

Repetition of the same word or words in the middle of successive
sentences. {Ex. “We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; Persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed.”- Corinthians 4:8-9}

Question 6

anadiplosis

Answer 6

The repetition of the last word of one clause or sentence at the beginning
of the next. Often combined with climax. {Ex. “The love of wicked men
converts to fear, / That fear to hate, and hate turns one or both / To worthy
danger and deserved death.” – Shakespeare, Richard II 5.1.66-68} {Ex.
“Why, if thou never wast at court, thou never sawst good manners; if thou never sawst good manners, then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation.” - Shakespeare, As You Like It, 3.2.40-44}

Question 7

anastrophe

Answer 7

Departure from normal word order for the sake of emphasis. {Ex. The
verb before the subject-noun (normal syntax follows the order
subject-noun, verb): “Glistens the dew upon the morning grass.”
(Normally: The dew glistens upon the morning grass)} {Ex. Adjective
following the noun it modifies (normal syntax is adjective, noun): “She
looked at the sky dark and menacing.” (Normally: She looked at the dark
and menacing sky)} {Ex. The object preceding its verb (normal syntax is
verb followed by its object): “Troubles, everybody’s got.” (Normally:
Everybody’s got troubles)} {Ex. Preposition following the object of the
preposition (normal syntax is preposition, object [“upon our lives”]): “It
only stands / Our lives upon, to use Our strongest hands.” —Shakespeare,
Antony and Cleopatra 2.1.50-51}

Question 8

diazuegma

Answer 8

The figure by which a single subject governs several verbs or verbal
constructions (usually arranged in parallel fashion and expressing a similar
idea); the opposite of zeugma. {Ex. “The Romans destroyed Numantia,
razed Carthage, obliterated Corinth, overthrew Fregllae.”- Ad Herennium

Question 9

tapinosis

Answer 9

Giving a name to something which diminishes it in importance. {Ex. Said
of the Mississippi River: “a stream.”}

Question 10

metabasis

Answer 10

A transitional statement in which one explains what has been and what
will be said. {Ex. “You have heard how the proposed plan will fail; now
consider how an alternative might succeed.”}

Question 11

acyron

Answer 11

The use of a word repugnant or contrary to what is meant. {Ex. “Never could I have hoped for
such great woe” – Aeneid, 4.419}

Question 12

adynaton

Answer 12

A declaration of impossibility, usually in terms of an exaggerated comparison.
Sometimes, the expression of the impossibility of expression. {Ex. “I will sooner
have a beard grow in the palm of my hand than he shall get one of his cheek.” –
Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV 1.2.20-22}

Question 13

allegory

Answer 13

A sustained metaphor continued through whole sentences or even through a
whole discourse. {Ex “The ship of state has sailed through rougher storms than the tempest of these lobbyists.”}

Question 14

ellipsis

Answer 14

Omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context. {Ex. “John forgives
Mary and Mary, John.”; “As fire drives out fire, so pity pity.” (Shakespeare, Julius
Caesar, III, i, 137)

Question 15

restricto

Answer 15

Making an exception to a previously made statement. Restricting or limiting what
has already been said. {Ex. “She’s the most beautiful woman in the world—present company excepted,” he said to his wife.”}