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Question 1

Translation -

Answer 1

process of utilizing mRNA transcripts to
produce a polypeptide or protein represented by the
original genetic code.

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

– process of converting genetic code

contained within the DNA into RNA copy

Question 3

Southern blot – method to analyze DNA contained in an
entire genome through a process of restriction digestion,
electrophoresis, transfer to a membrane, and
hybridization to a sequence-specific probe.
2. Northern blot – analogous to the process of Southern
blotting, but is performed on RNA specimens.
3. Probes – small fragments of DNA used to detect a specific
gene or mutation in the process of Southern or Northern
blotting.
4. Hybridization dynamics – conditions, i.e. salt
concentration, temperature, time and buffer composition,
that control the stringency of the hybridization procedure.

Question 4

Gel Electrophoresis

A method used to separate DNA fragments onto a solid matrix
based upon size.

Question 5

Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

This method is capable of quantifying the copy number of mRNA transcripts
present in a specimen.

Question 6

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – method by which
almost all molecular diagnostic assays are
performed. It is a three-step process consisting of
melting the duplex DNA strands, annealing the
primers, and extending the new fragment to yield a
specific, short DNA product. This process is repeated
25 to 40 times to theoretically yield trillions of copies
from one starting copy of DNA.

Question 7

Taq polymerase – enzyme used to generate

new DNA copies in the PCR process.

Question 8

Molecular Biology – coined by James Watson; referred to the
biology of DNA; study of nucleic acids. Handling and analysis of
nucleic acids, DNA and RNA.