RF Spectrum Flashcards
DRAW AND LABEL A SINE WAVE
CYCLE
AMPLITUDE
PERIOD
PHASE ANGLE
AMPLITUDE
PEAK VALUE OF A WAVE
CYCLE
ONE COMPLETE WAVEFORM
PERIOD (T)
TIME REQUIRED TO COMPLETE ONE CYCLE.
EXPRESSED IN MILLISECONDS OR MICROSECONDS
WAVELENGTH
PHYSICAL LENGTH OF WAVE IN METERS.
FREQUENCY
CYCLES PER SECOND
EXPRESSED IN HERTZ (Hz)
VELOCITY (C)
SPEED OF LIGHT
3 x 108 m/s
PHASE
Using degrees, how much of the period has elapsed
RADIO
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO OR MORE POINTS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
FREQUENCY x WAVELENGTH =
SPEED OF LIGHT
3 x 108 m/s
SIMPLEX
COMMS LINK THAT ONLY OPERATES IN ONE DIRECTION
(AM/FM RADIO, FLT BROADCAST, GBS)
HALF DUPLEX
COMMS IN TWO DIRECTIONS, ONE AT A TIME.
ONLY ONE CAN TRANSMIT AT A TIME.
(RADIO TELEPHONE)
FULL DUPLEX
COMMS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS, SIMULTANEOUSLY BETWEEN TWO STATIONS.
(TELEPHONE)
FDMA
FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
SOME OF THE BANDWIDTH, ALL OF THE TIME.
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM DIVIDED INTO SLOTS SIGNALS OF DIFFERENT USERS PLACED INTO DIVIDED SLOTS
TDMA
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
ALL OF THE BANDWIDTH, SOME OF THE TIME
DIVIDE TIME INTO SLOTS AND SEPARATE THE SIGNALS OF DIFFERENT USERS BY PLACING THE SIGNALS IN SEPARATE TIME SLOTS
CDMA/SSMA
CODE DIVIDED / SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS
ALL OF THE BANDWIDTH, ALL OF THE TIME
FREQUENCY HOPPING
HUF
HIGHEST USABLE FREQUENCY
THE HIGHEST FREQUENCY THAT CAN BE USED VIA REFLECTION FROM THE IONOSPHERE.
MODULATION
ALTERING A CARRIER WAVE
the encoding of information in a carrier wave
SURFACE / GROUND WAVE
MF, HF, VHF, UHF
SKY WAVE
HF
SPACE WAVE
UHF, EHF, SHF
LUF
LOWEST USABLE FREQUENCY
no comms with decrease in frequency
VLF
3KHZ - 30KHZ
WAVELENGTH = 10KM
NEAR SURFACE COMMUNICATION WITH SUBMARINES
VERDIN (VLF Digitial Information Network)
EAM SYSTEM
E-6B
TACAMO (Take Charge and Move Out)
LF
30KHZ - 300KHZ
WAVELENGTH = 1KM
SIMILAR TO VLF. USED FOR RADIO NAVIGATION TRANSMISSIONS.
MF
300KHZ - 3MHZ
WAVELENGTH = 100M
PRIMARILY USED FOR COMMERCIAL AM BROADCASTING. ALSO USED FOR AIRCRAFT AND MARITIME COMMUNICATIONS. PROVIDES MEDIUM RANGE COMMUNICATIONS.
HF
3MHZ - 30MHZ
WAVELENGTH = 10M
MEDIUM AND LONG RANGE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS. HF CAN TRAVEL THOUSANDS OF MILES DUE TO RF SIGNAL REFLECTING OFF THE IONOSPHERE.
HFRG (URC-131), R-2368 RCVR, URT-23 XMTR
FAN WIRE AND WHIP ANTENNAS
VHF
30MHZ - 300MHZ
WAVELENGTH = 1M
USED FOR COMMERCIAL FM BROADCASTING
USED FOR TACTICAL COMMS AND LOS TRANSMISSIONS
BRIDGE TO BRIDGE, IAD (121.5MHZ), MAD (243MHZ)
SINCGARS (Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System) - VEHICLE, BACKPACK, HANDHELD VARIANTS
UHF
300MHZ - 3GHZ
WAVELENGTH = 10CM
NAVY MANAGED BAND. USED FOR LOS AND SATCOM CIRCUITS; VOICE AND DATA; WORKHOUSE OF NAVAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
ANTENNAS: AS390 - LOS (GROUND) , OE82 (SKY), SSR-1 FLT BCST
DMR (DIGITAL MODULATION RADIO) - HF, VHF, UHF REPLACES WSC-3, DAMA, MINI DAMA
HAVEQUICK
HAVEQUICK IS A FREQUENCY HOPPING SYSTEM USED TO AS AN ANTI-JAMMING COMMUNICATION SYSTEM. THE HAVEQUICK SYSTEM USES A SERIES OF 16 UHF RADIO FREQUENCIES.
TIME OF THE DAY (TOD) - SYNCHRONIZATION
WORD OF THE DAY - FREQUENCY HOP RATE / PATTERN
NET # - ALLOWS MULTIPLE NETS TO USE SAME WOD
COMMS CHECK - “CONDUCTING MICKIES”
CUDIXS
COMMON USER DIGITAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE SYSTEM
CUDIXS IS A HIGH SPEED, DIGITAL DATA EXCHANGE SYSTEM USING NAVY SATELLITE SYSTEMS TO PROVIDE SHIP TO SHORE COMMS
TERTIARY MESSAGE TRAFFIC
USES NAVMACS TERMINAL
UHF CIRCUITS
HAVEQUICK
CUDIXS
FLEET BROADCAST
TSN
LINK 16 (TADIL J)
STJ
SHF
3GHZ - 30 GHZ
WAVELENGTH = 1CM
ARMY MANAGED BAND
POINT TO POINT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS. SOURCE OF IP SERVICES
SATELLITES
(3 SEGMENTS)
SPACE SEGMENT - PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT
GROUND SEGMENT - FIXED, TRANSPORTABLE, AND MOBILE USER TERMINALS
CONTROL SEGMENT - RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DAY-TO-DAY MANAGEMENT, CONTROL, OPERATION, AND MONITORING OF A SATELLITE CONSTELLATION AND SYSTEM
DSCS
DEFENSE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
5 IN USE
3 SLEP (SERVICE LIFE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM)
X BAND
WGS
WIDEBAND GLOBAL SYSTEM
3 SATELLITES
WSC-6 OR NMT
X, KA BAND, AND GBS
CBSP
Commercial Broadband Satellite Program
COMMERCIAL
USC-69 OR NMT
C, KU, X BAND
NMT
NAVY MULTIBAND TERMINAL
CONSOLIDATES SATELLITE COMMS EQUIPMENT (WSC-6, WSC-8, USC-69, USR 10)
INTEGRATED WITH ADNS INC III, THE EBEM (MD-1366) IS A HIGH BANDWIDTH MODEM THAT WORKS WITH X, C, KU, AND KA BAND FREQS, ALLOWS 100MB/S DATA RATES FOR XDR
GBS
GLOBAL BROADCAST SYSTEM
30 Mb/s
AUGMENTS MILSATCOM BY PROVIDING A HIGH SPEED DOWNLOAD RATE TO CUSTOMERS
USR-10 AND NMT
USES WGS 1-3, UFO 8,10,11, AND COMMERCIAL SATS
SPLIT IP, TV, IMAGERY, IA PATCHES
EHF
30 GHz - 300 GHz
WAVELENGTH = 1mm
AIR FORCE MANAGED BAND
very short wavelength; severely affected by rain; Anti-Jam, Low Probability of Detection, and Low Probability of Interception
USC-38 OR NMT
SATELLITES - AEHF (LDR, MDR, XDR); MILSTAR 4-6; UFO 7,8,10,11; 3 POLAR (SUBS)
LDR
LOW DATA RATE (EHF)
2400 BITS/SECOND
SUPPORTS: MISSION DATA UPDATES (MDU), AIR TASKING ORDER (ATO), CUDIXS, FLTBCST
MDR
MEDIUM DATA RATE (MDR)
1.544 Mb/s
SUPPORTS: MISSION DATA UPDATES (MDU), AIR TASKING ORDER (ATO), MTJ, SIPR IP, STJ, PTP
XDR
EXTENDED DATA RATE
8+ Mb/s
EHF POINT TO POINT (PTP)
HALF DUPLEX - Either Tx or Rx, cannot do both simultaneously
FULL DUPLEX - Tx/Rx at the same time
SIMPLEX TRANSIT - Caller can Tx
SIMPLEX RECEIVE - Caller can Rx
COMMON FREQUENCIES
- Fleet Tactical - 277.8
- Navy Red - 332.8
- MAD - 243
- IAD - 121.5
AM
- Amplitude modulation. Information is put into a radio wave by varying the amplitude. For example, if all we wanted to do was send 1’s and 0’s, we could have just two different levels of amplitude that correspond to these numbers–1 being high, 0 being low.
FM
Frequency modulation. This time the amplitude is kept constant, it is the frequency that is varied..
SINCGARS
Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS)
It has single-frequency and frequency hopping modes.
The frequency-hopping mode hops 111 times a second.
LINK 11
LINK 11
Link 11 requires a Net Control Station (NCS) and Participating Units (PUs) to operate.
M series message
TADIL A
.2S FOR POLLING RESPONSE
WSC-8
Commercial Wideband C-band SATCOM
WSC-6
SHF: X, KA, C (Commercial) Bands
