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Survey > Reza > Flashcards

Reza Flashcards

1
Q

what kind and direction of measurements are taken with monuments?

A

horizontal control like X and Y coordinates on monuments

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2
Q

what kind and direction of measurements are taken with benchmarks?

A

elevation

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3
Q

what is a measure problem?

A

the distance between two points is unknown and will have to be measuredk

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4
Q

what are some key words for measured problems?

A

recorded and unknown

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5
Q

what is a layout problem?

A

the distance between two points is known

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6
Q

what are the keywords for a layout problem?

A

necessary, required, desired, and designed

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7
Q

what is a plumb reading?

A

the plumb reading is the smallest reading on a waving the rod exercise

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8
Q

when are inverted readings taken?

A

inverted readings are taken when the zero is above the rod like on cantilever structures

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9
Q

what is a zenith angle?

A

zenith angle is a vertical angle. should always be 0 degrees

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10
Q

what does it mean if the zenith angle is greater than 90 degrees? In regards to the ts

A

that means that the TS is downhill

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11
Q

what instruments are used to measure horizontal angles?

A

transit/theodolite or total stations

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12
Q

what is a meridian?

A

a meridian is an angle that is a CHOSEN N/S line used for assigning directions to lines

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13
Q

what is an azimuth?

A

direction of a line by a horizontal angle, ALWAYS clockwise, from the north meridian

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14
Q

what is the range of degrees that an azimuth can be?

A

0-360 degrees

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15
Q

what is the azimuth rule if forward azi is less than 180?

A

then the reverse azimuth is equal to fwd azi. plus 180 degrees

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16
Q

what is the azimuth rule if forward azi is more than 180?

A

then the reverse azimuth is equal to fwd azi minus 180 degrees

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17
Q

what departure and latitude directions are positive?

A

east and north

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18
Q

what departure and latitude directions are negative?

A

west and south

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19
Q

what are the purpose of coordinates?

A

to calculate distance and determine bearings

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20
Q

what does daylight mean in terms of volumes?

A

daylight means there is no change in elevation and it is the same

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21
Q

what is the equation to the deflection angle method?

A

d= I/L x lil L

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22
Q

what does the deflection angle find?

A

it lets you find the angle between two points on the curve (POC)

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23
Q

what is the point of tangency also known as?

A

EC in horizontal curves

24
Q

what can you assume about horizontal problems about highways?

A

that you will need to use the arc definition formula

25
Q

what does OG mean?

A

OG means original ground in elevation and volume problems

26
Q

what is a lath?

A

another word for construction stake

27
Q

when can you use the triangular prism equation?

A

when solving cut and fill problems

28
Q

what is the triangular prism formula?

A

v=0.5bh*L

29
Q

what is an offset?

A

the shortest distance from a line perpendicular point

30
Q

what is leveling?

A

leveling is the process used to obtain elevations or difference of elevations of benchmarks relative to a datum

31
Q

in differential leveling, what is the equation for the difference in elevation btwn two points?

A

Delta Elev = BS -FS

32
Q

what is a catch point?

A

a slope intercept. where the side slope intercepts the natural ground surface

33
Q

what is a hinge point?

A

hP is the angle btwn the grade line and the slope

34
Q

when is a stadia used most? which type of survey?

A

topographic survey

35
Q

what is the definition of a traverse?

A

series of lines whose horizontal distance and direction are known

36
Q

how many kinds of traverses are there?

A

There are three traverses (closed, open, and radial)

37
Q

what is the best equipment to use for traverses?

A

total station

38
Q

what are construction stakes?

A

posts that contain the vertical and horizontal instructions

39
Q

what is another word for a construction stake?

A

a witness post

40
Q

what is a mass diagram?

A

a method to calculate roadway fills and cuts from earthwork

41
Q

what is the abscissa?

A

it is the horizontal measurement that represents the stationing along the centerline

42
Q

what is the ordinate?

A

it is the vertical measurement which represents the accumulated net cubic yards

43
Q

what can you determine from a mass diagram?

A

the accumulated difference btwn cut and fills at any station, amount of haul, free haul, and overhaul, excess or shortage of materials, and direction of haul

44
Q

what does a positive slope on a mass diagram mean?

A

indicates a cut. steeper the line = heavier the yardage

45
Q

what does a negative slope on a mass diagram mean?

A

negative = embankment (fill). steeper the slope = more fill

46
Q

what is free haul?

A

free haul = an agreed upon distance where there is no charge to haul soil

47
Q

what is overhaul?

formula

A

total haul minus free haul

48
Q

what is average haul?

A

since every cut or fill is moved a different distance, it is the average of all of the distances for each trip

49
Q

what is stations yards overhaul?

A

unit of measurement of the hauling operation

50
Q

what is the swell factor?

A

when disturbing soil in the ground you will need more than the required volume to fill the area

51
Q

when solving problems and youre given bearing and distance, what should you do?

A

find the departure and the latitude

52
Q

when solving deflection angle problems, an angle that turns left is positive or negative?

A

negative

53
Q

when solving deflection angle problems, an angle that turns right is positive or negative?

A

positive

54
Q

what is photogrammetry?

A

defined as the art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable information from photograph

55
Q

what are the disadvantages of using photogrammetry?

A

can’t be used in the absence of light, can’t be used for accurate measurements when there is visible constraints (buildings, vegetations, tree canopy, snowfall), data is supsceptible to computer viruses

56
Q

what is a contour factor? (C factor)

A

a contour factor describes the relationship between an aircraft flying above mean sea level and the smallest accurate contour iNTERVAL that can be generated at a specific height

57
Q
A

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