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3rd Block > Reynolds Histology > Flashcards

Reynolds Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Closely adhering sheets of cells

1) Avascular, single or multiple layers
2) Mostly uninucleate, polyhedral, polarized cells
3) Almost always separated from underlying or surrounding tissues by a basement membrane
4) Cells usually undergo regular tournover

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2
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Extracellular selective filter between epithelium and connective tissues

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3
Q

What is the basement membrane made out of?

A

1) Collage (Types IV & VII)
2) Proteoglycans (heparan sulfate & chondroitin sulfate)
3) Laminin, Entactin, Fibronectin (anchoring proteins)
4) Underlying reticular fibers (connective tissue)

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4
Q

What does the basement membrane do?

A

Controls cellular growth, metabolism, and differentiation

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5
Q

What does the epithelial tissue do?

A 
SPFACTS
S)Sensory (neuro)
P)Protects (epidermal)
F)Filters (glomerular)
A)Absorbs (intestinal)
C)Contracts (myo-)
T)Transports (respiratory_
S)Secretes (glandular)
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6
Q

This type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters? What is unique about this epithelium?

A 
Transitional epithelium
 (they can change shape from relaxed to distended)
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7
Q

Name two examples of simple squamous epithelium and where they’re located

A

Endothelium - Blood vessels

Mesothelium - lines the body cavities (pleural membrane)

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8
Q

This type of epithelium is found in the lining of the heart and blood vessels

A

Simple Squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Reduces friction, controls vessel permeability, performs absorption and secretion

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10
Q

This type of epithelium permits expansion and recoil after stretching

A

Transitional epithelium

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11
Q

Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland

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12
Q

This type of epithelial tissue functions to provide limited protection, secretion and/or absorbtion

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

Where can you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubules, collecting ducts of kidneys

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14
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Protection, secretion, absorption

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15
Q

What epithelial tissue type commonly contains microvilli?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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16
Q

Where would you find pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

Lining of the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, portions of male reproductive tract

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17
Q

This type of epithelial tissue functions to provide protection, secretion and move mucus with cilia

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Where would you find stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Surface of skin; lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina

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19
Q

This type of epithelial tissue provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

Microvilli, a luminal surface modification, is found where?

A

1) Striated border (intestine)

2) Brush border (kidney, intestine)

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21
Q

These are closely spaced, finger-like projections

A

Microvilli

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22
Q

This luminal surface modification is present in epididymis, vas deferens, sensory epithelium of the ear

A

Stereocilia or stereovilli

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23
Q

These are described as elongated microvilli

A

Stereocilia or stereovilli

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24
Q

Where would one find cilia in the body?

A

Trachea & Bronchioles
Oviducts
Other locations

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25
Q

What is cilia? What is it made of? What does it do? Name some of its activity.

A

1) Elongated, motile extensions of the cell
2) Made of microtubules
3) Moves fluid and particles
4) Has dynein, ATPase activity

26
Q

Epithelial cells specialized for protein production & secretion would have what?

A

1) Well developed rough ER
2) Usually display considerable polarity
3) Basophilia (RNA)
4) Abundant secretory granules are located apically- exocytosis

27
Q

Epithelial cells specialized for mucin production & secretion would have what?

A

1) Well developed basal RER and supranuclear Golgi

2) Large and clear apical secretory vesicles full of mucin (goblet cells)

28
Q

What is a mucin made of?

A

Protein core

Glycosaminoglycans

29
Q

What is a glycosaminoglycan?

A

Repeating disaccharide that is hydrophilic and becomes mucus when fully hydrated

30
Q

In what organelle is the sugar moieties on a mucin added?

A

Golgi

31
Q

What would you find in an epithelial cell that specializes in lipid (steroid) production & secretion?

A

Well developed smooth ER

Free lipid in vacuoles

32
Q

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine - use ducts to secrete

Endocrine - secretes into blood without ducts

33
Q

In this type of exocrine secretion the product is delivered by vesicles, and exit the cell by exocytosis. Provide an example

A

Merocrine

Salivary gland

34
Q

In this type of exocrine secretion the product accumulates and is released when cell undergoes apoptosis. Provide an example.

A

Holocrine

Sebaceous gland

35
Q

In this type of exocrine secretion the product is released with small portion of cytoplasm in envelope of plasma membrane. Provide an example

A

Apocrine

Mammary gland

36
Q

This type of secretions are viscous, slimy, glycosylated and can be found in goblet cells, lining of the stomach, and in the sublingual salivary glands

A

Mucus secretion

37
Q

This type of secretions are watery, poorly or nonglycosylated and can be found in sweat glands, parotid glands, and the pancreas

A

Serous secretion

38
Q

What two parts of exocrine glands are involved in naming?

A

1) Branching or non-branching of duction portion

2) Shape of secretory portion of the gland

39
Q

Another name for a branched duct?

A

Compound

40
Q

What is it called when the duct is non-branched?

A

Simple

41
Q

What are the names used to describe the shape of the secretory portion of the gland?

A

1) Tubular
2) Acinar (or Alveolar)
3) Complexity can be either coiled or branched

42
Q

What is the function of support cells in connective tissue?

A

Produce abundant extracellular matrix that separates cells from one another

43
Q

These are flexible with high tensile strength

A

Collagen fibers

44
Q

What makes up collagen fibers?

A

Tropocollagen - triple helix made of 3 intertwined polypeptide chains

45
Q

What does Type I collagen do?

A

In fibrous supporting tissue providing mechanical support and tensile strength

46
Q

Where is Type II collagen found?

A

Hyaline cartilage

47
Q

Tell me about Type III collagen

A

AKA reticulin, is delicate and forms a branched meshwork

48
Q

Type IV and VII collagen contribute to the basement membrane, how?

A

Type IV contributes to mesh of BM

Type VII forms anchoring fibrils that link to BM

49
Q

What does reticulin do? And what type of collagen is it?

A

Type III collagen.

Provides supporting framework, not bundled, mesh-like pattern or network in Lymph node and liver

50
Q

These allow response to stretch and distention

A

Elastic Fibers

51
Q

What produces Elastic fibers?

A

Fibroblasts and Smooth muscle cells

52
Q

What are Elastic fibers composed of?

A

Elastin core

Fibrillin microfibrils

53
Q

Where would you expect to find Elastic fibers in the body?

A

Trachea
Mesentary spread
Large artery
Peripheral lung

54
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Viscous, clear, slippery substance with high water content and little morphological structure

55
Q

What is the function of ground substance?

A

Diffusion of nutrients and wastes, lubricant, barrier

56
Q

What is the primary component of ground substance?

A

Proteoglycans

Extremely large molecules with a protein core and covalently bound GAGs

57
Q

What does connective tissue support cells consist of?

A

1) Connective Tissue Fibers
2) Ground substance
3) Extracellular fluid

58
Q

What is considered Connective Tissue proper?

A

Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
(irregular and regular)

59
Q

Describe loose connective tissue and what can be found in it

A

Slender bundles of collagen, elastic, watery matrix

Fibroblasts, macrophages (histiocyte), mast cells, fat cells

60
Q

Where can loose connective tissue be found?

A

Mesentery

Mammary tissue

61
Q

This special type of connective tissue functions to cushion, insulate, store energy & water, can act as endocrine tissue (how?)

A

Adipose tissue

adipocytokines

3rd Block (2 decks)

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