REWARDING AND PRAISING CHILDREN Flashcards
Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves (e.g. intelligence) as:
A. Self-efficacy
B. Metacognition
C.Mindset
D.Mind map
C.Mindset
According to Thorndike mentioned in the text, responses followed by a satisfying effect are strengthened and likely to occur again in a particular situation, but responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to occur again in a particular situation.” What principle does this statement describe?
A.learned helplessness
B. extinction effect
C.the law of effect
D.the modeling effect
C.the law of effect
Some people believe that personal qualities such as intelligence and ability are fixed and unchangeable; This belief makes such people anxious to prove that they are intelligent and able, and thus drives them to have performance goals. This definition refers to:
A. learning theory
B.implicit theory
C. entity theory
D.incremental theory
C. entity theory
he discipline of psychology that considers the whole life span in its entirety (birth to death) is termed:
A.Social psychology
B.Developmental psychology (now termed lifespan development)
C.Clinical psychology
D.Personality psychology
B.Developmental psychology (now termed lifespan development)
Researchers interested in studying helping behavior have used accomplices to “fake” accidents on subway trains, in front of movie theaters, and on highways to see how people would react. Often the people help the apparent “victim.” These interventions in the real world illustrate a methodology also used by Lepper and his colleagues:
A.Case study
B.naturalistic observation
C.double-blind experiment
D.field experiment
D.field experiment
What percentage of US people asked by Dweck thought that praising children’s “self” or abilities was the most important cue in education?
A.25%
B.45%
C.65%
D.85%
D.85%
Your audio text reports an experiment by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward. In the study, children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: an expected reward condition, an unexpected reward condition, or a no reward condition. The children in the ______?______ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task.
A.expected reward
B.unexpected reward
C.no reward
D.expected reward and no reward conditions
A.expected reward
Lepper’s study documented an important role of intrinsic motivation; which one is it?
A.Students who pursue mastery goals display negative engagement in the task
B.Students who pursue performance goals display positive engagement in the task
C.Whatever goals were used (mastery or performance), the students were always bored
D.All of the above
E.None of the above
E.None of the above
According to Carol Dweck, statements like ““Good girl”, or “You’re so clever”, could be characterized as ___?___
A.Person-directed praise
B.Process-directed praise
C.Negative feedbacks
D.Backlash
A.Person-directed praise
Which of the following statements is correct according to Dweck’s study on preschool children’s reaction to negative feedback:
A. Puppets who had been given person-directed criticism were more likely to be described by the children as feeling helplessness
B.Puppets who had been given process-directed criticism were more likely to be described by the children as feeling helplessness
C.Criticism works best when children feel that their self-esteem is being questioned
D.Children could not identified with the puppets: the role-playing did not work in this study
B.Puppets who had been given process-directed criticism were more likely to be described by the children as feeling helplessness
Prosocial behaviors such as helping and cooperation have been investigated by Warneken, Tomasello (2008) in small children. What are the main results? (see audio text No13)
A.They have shown that even very young children of just one year of age try to help other people on their own
B.Compared with children who did not receive a reward, the rewarded children provided less and less assistance to an adult
C.Extrinsic motivational factors such as rewards may reduce even young children’s intrinsic desire to help others
D.All of the above
E.None of the above
D.All of the above
Some people believe that intelligence and ability can change over time with experience. Dweck calls this ___?___. The goal of such people is not to prove their competence, but increase it, a strategy which refers to ____?____
a. entity theory; performance-oriented goals
b. incremental theory; mastery-oriented goals
c. personal construct theory; anxiety
d. a central trait; personal attributes
b.incremental theory; mastery-oriented goals
According to the strongest formulations of the behaviorist stance, what would be expected after a reward is promised to a child?
A.We would expect that the more positive consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
B. We would expect that the more negative consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
C. We would expect that the less positive consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
D.All of the above
E.None of the above
A.We would expect that the more positive consequences follow from a given behavior, the more likely the organism is to repeat this behavior under similar circumstances.
Which among the following processes is not a process described by Carol Dweck?
A.Process-directed praise
B.Product-directed praise
C.Person-directed praise
D.Self-directed praise
D.Self-directed praise
Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual’s life?
A.Self-esteem
B.Self-concept
C.Self-awareness
D.Self-control
B.Self-concept
