Revolutions Vocab

Question 1

Latin American Independence Movements

Answer 1

-Political revolutions in various Latin American countries starting late 18th century aimed at overthrowing controlling European powers. many were successful but few achieved success of American/ series of wars initially starting in Mexico and spreading through Latin and South America that resulted in the weakening of Spanish rule and their eventual independence

Question 2

Simon Bolivar

Answer 2

-(1783-1839) Latin American revolutionary responsible for the ousting of Spain from much of South America during the 19th century. Considered to be most important figure in fright for Latin American Independence

Question 3

Divine Right

Answer 3

-the justification of monarchy through the word of God/ the doctrine or belied a king or queen has received their power directly from God

Question 4

Absoltism

Answer 4

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Question 5

Seven Years War

Answer 5

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Question 6

Maria Theresa and Habsburg Austria

Answer 6

-an enlightened despot who ruled the Austrian Empire

Question 7

Frederick the Great and Prussia

Answer 7

-king of Prussia from 1740-86. enlightened despot who enlarged Prussia by gaining land from Austria when Maria became Empress

Question 8

Peter and Catherine the Great

Answer 8

-1672-1725 czar of Russia, he was responsible for the westernization of Russia in the 1700s/ enlightened despot who ruled over Russia, she is responsible for many positive changed in Russia as well as securing a warm water port

Question 9

English Civil War

Answer 9

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Question 10

English Bill of Rights

Answer 10

-1689 a Bill of Rights written after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 which placed William and Mary on the throne of England. the bill created a limited monarchy and established Parliament as ruling body

Question 11

Glorious Revolution

Answer 11

-political revolution in Great Britain in 1688 that put William and Mary in the throne, while limiting the power if the monarchy and making Parliament supreme. this even marks the start of a constitutional monarchy

Question 12

Enlightenment (age of reason)

Answer 12

-18th century Europe, the philosophical movement that led to change in politics, religion, and education/ a movement that stressed the importance of science and reason in philosophy and the study of human society

Question 13

Bourgeoisie

Answer 13

-term given to middle class people in society

Question 14

John Locke

Answer 14

-1632-1704 English philosopher and political theorist. He wrote Two Treaties on Government which explained that all men have natural rights which are life, liberty, and property, and that the purpose of government is to protect these rights

Question 15

Social Contract

Answer 15

-theory of Thomas Hobbes that states that people form a social contract with government where that give up all of their rights for protection from other citizens

Question 16

Jean-Jacques Rosseau

Answer 16

-1712-1778 French writer and enlightenment philosopher who wrote The Social Contract , where he stated that people are basically good, and that society and its unequal distribution of wealth, were the cause of problems. believes that government should be run according to the will of the majority, general will, which would always act in the best interest of the people

Question 17

Voltaire

Answer 17

-1694-1778 French philosopher , believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. he also spoke out against the corruption of the French government and Catholic Church

Question 18

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 18

-1689-1755 French Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Spirit of Law, describes what he considers to be the best government, states that government should divide itself according to its powers creating a judicial, executive, and legislative branch, explained that under this system would check and balance the others, which would help protect the people’s liberty

Question 19

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 19

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Question 20

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 20

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Question 21

American Revolution

Answer 21

-Political revolution in the British North American colonies starting in 1776 that removed the colonies from Great Britain’s control, and established USA/ the war from 1775-1783 between GB and colonies which led to the independence of 13 colonies and ultimately the formation of the US

Question 22

US Constitution

Answer 22

-document creating US government, based on Enlightenment ideas, ratified in 1788

Question 23

Separation of Powers

Answer 23

a tool in government described by Baron which states that government should divide itself according to its powers creating a judicial, legislative, and executive branch. This system would create check and balance itself which would help protect the people’s liberty

Question 24

Checks and Balances

Answer 24

-a system of government described by Baron where legislative, judicial, and executive power is shared among the different branches of government to provide protection against abuses of power

Question 25

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 25

-1823 US political policy by president James Monroe that states that Western Hemisphere is closed to European influence

Question 26

French Revolution

Answer 26

-political revolution in France starting in 1789 that brought about many changes in France, ultimatly ended with a dictatorship under Napoleon Bonaparte before his defeat by the combined forces of Europe

Question 27

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 27

-1769-1821 French Emperor responsible for many French Revolution reforms as well as conquering most of Europe, defeated at Waterloo, died at Saint Helena islands

Question 28

Estates General

Answer 28

-French legislative body composed of representatives from 3 estates. clergy in 1st, nobility in 2nd, commoners in 3rd, each is entitled to one vote on legislative matters

Question 29

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 29

-French revolution document 1789, spelled out certain rights believed to be universal to all mankind. Patterned on US declaration/ French document which declared “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” , being unrepresented and illegal in ancient regime, this act launched the French Revolution and radicalized many of the participants in the National Assembly, who was responsible for the draft

Question 30

Olympe de Gouges

Answer 30

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Question 31

Robespierre and the Reign of Terror

Answer 31

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Question 32

coup e tat

Answer 32

-act of overthrowing a government in favor for another often through violent means

Question 33

Haitian Revolution

Answer 33

-inspired by French Revolution, violence that erupted in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue, later renamed Haiti, soon after a massive revolt in 1791 factions of slaves, whites, and free colored people battled each other , with Spanish and British forces hoping to enlarge their empires adding to the struggle, power gravitated towards the slaved led by Toussaint, a former slave, resulting in the only completely successful slave revolt

Question 34

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Answer 34

• 1743-1803 revolutionary leader responsible for ousting France from Haiti during the Latin American Revolts in early 1800s

Question 35

US Bill of Rights

Answer 35

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