Revolutions in European Thought and Expression

Question 1

What is the Renaissance?

Answer 1

“rebirth”

The transformation of thoughts like humanism, art, and literature

Question 2

During the beginnings of the Renaissance, what was there a demand for and why?

Answer 2

demand for goods and services as the populations grew

Question 3

What were the jobs and the impact of the middle class?

Answer 3

bankers, merchants, traders; they increased global trade

Question 4

What is Humanism?

Answer 4

The celebration of human achievements in education, art, and politics
thoughts of salvation and happiness

Question 5

What were the main places the Renaissance and what was the impact on the places?

Answer 5

Venice, Florence, and Milan

It made the places rich in trade

Question 6

What major institution notices the Renaissance art? How did it impact them?

Answer 6

The Catholic Church

They employed the artist to build their palaces and cathedrals

Question 7

What does Vernacular mean?

Answer 7

The language of the people

Question 8

How was the process of printing before Johannes Gutenberg?

Answer 8

Before it was a tedious process
Few Books
Books in Latin and for the educated

Question 9

What was the impact of the printing press?

Answer 9

Books are…
Easy to produce
affordable
an increase in literacy

Question 10

Why did the Protestant Reformation occur?

Answer 10

Catholic church was too powerful in Europe
Pope had large amount of political power
landowning became increasing resentful of the church because of wealth
mistrust

Question 11

Who? What? Why? Martin Luther

Answer 11

German Munk
Began protestant reforms by nailing 95 theses on church
frustrated with Catholic church practices

Question 12

What was NOT an impact of Martin Luther?
A. translated Bible to vernacular of the people so that they can read the scriptures
B. transformed politics and german culture
C. singing of hymns within Christianity
D. salvation can be brought through indulgence
E. idea the people appeal to God through salvation

Answer 12

D. salvation can be brought through indulgence

Martin Luther actually challenged the practice of indulgence by the Catholic church

Question 13

What is Jean Calvin responsible for? multiple answers
A. Anglican Church
B. basic principles of predestination
C. education stressed along with literacy (reading of Bible)
D.Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 13

B and C

Question 14

What was the major event of the Catholic Reformation? What was its impact?

Answer 14

The Council of Trent

Instituted reforms; reaffirmed Catholic doctrine and reformed abuses

Question 15

What was NOT an impact of the Scientific Revolution?
A. Showing how the rotation of the earth on its axis
B. Principles of motions, gravity ,and the scientific method
C. The theory that all planets and the sun rotate around the sun
D. Heliocentric Theory

Answer 15

C. Nicholaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory that all the planets go around the sun

Question 16

What was the focus of the Enlightenment?

Answer 16

Focused on the role of mankind and its relationship with government

Question 17

What is Mary Wollstonecraft views in politics?

Answer 17

She argued that there should be individual rights, and that new political rights should extend to women

Question 18

Who introduced the idea of free market capitalism (Laissez faire)?
A. Adam Smith
B. Montesquieu 
C. King Henry IV
D. Denis Diderot

Answer 18

A.Adam Smith believed that the government should have an “invisible hand” on trade regulations

Question 19

Which was NOT a thought of the Enlightenment?
A. Humans are naturally good; reason was key to the truth
B. More specific goals, equality and social reforms
C. Rational laws could only describe social behavior
D. Rethought greater equality toward treatment of women and children

Answer 19

C because actually rational laws described BOTH physical and social behavior

Question 20

How did monarchs come to power during this period?

Answer 20

By centralizing and uniting people under a common name

Question 21

What did monarchs do to keep power?

Answer 21

They aligned themselves with God; believed God ordained their right to govern

Question 22

True or False

Monarchs disliked Martin Luther and Jean Calvin

Answer 22

False because they were taking power away from the Catholic Church

Question 23

What did Thomas Hobbes believe?

Answer 23

He believed people are prone to violence and warfare;

Government should preserve peace and stability