Revolutions in European Thought and Expression Flashcards
What is the Renaissance?
“rebirth”
The transformation of thoughts like humanism, art, and literature
During the beginnings of the Renaissance, what was there a demand for and why?
demand for goods and services as the populations grew
What were the jobs and the impact of the middle class?
bankers, merchants, traders; they increased global trade
What is Humanism?
The celebration of human achievements in education, art, and politics
thoughts of salvation and happiness
What were the main places the Renaissance and what was the impact on the places?
Venice, Florence, and Milan
It made the places rich in trade
What major institution notices the Renaissance art? How did it impact them?
The Catholic Church
They employed the artist to build their palaces and cathedrals
What does Vernacular mean?
The language of the people
How was the process of printing before Johannes Gutenberg?
Before it was a tedious process
Few Books
Books in Latin and for the educated
What was the impact of the printing press?
Books are…
Easy to produce
affordable
an increase in literacy
Why did the Protestant Reformation occur?
Catholic church was too powerful in Europe
Pope had large amount of political power
landowning became increasing resentful of the church because of wealth
mistrust
Who? What? Why? Martin Luther
German Munk
Began protestant reforms by nailing 95 theses on church
frustrated with Catholic church practices
What was NOT an impact of Martin Luther?
A. translated Bible to vernacular of the people so that they can read the scriptures
B. transformed politics and german culture
C. singing of hymns within Christianity
D. salvation can be brought through indulgence
E. idea the people appeal to God through salvation
D. salvation can be brought through indulgence
Martin Luther actually challenged the practice of indulgence by the Catholic church
What is Jean Calvin responsible for? multiple answers
A. Anglican Church
B. basic principles of predestination
C. education stressed along with literacy (reading of Bible)
D.Treaty of Westphalia
B and C
What was the major event of the Catholic Reformation? What was its impact?
The Council of Trent
Instituted reforms; reaffirmed Catholic doctrine and reformed abuses
What was NOT an impact of the Scientific Revolution?
A. Showing how the rotation of the earth on its axis
B. Principles of motions, gravity ,and the scientific method
C. The theory that all planets and the sun rotate around the sun
D. Heliocentric Theory
C. Nicholaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory that all the planets go around the sun
What was the focus of the Enlightenment?
Focused on the role of mankind and its relationship with government
What is Mary Wollstonecraft views in politics?
She argued that there should be individual rights, and that new political rights should extend to women
Who introduced the idea of free market capitalism (Laissez faire)? A. Adam Smith B. Montesquieu C. King Henry IV D. Denis Diderot
A.Adam Smith believed that the government should have an “invisible hand” on trade regulations
Which was NOT a thought of the Enlightenment?
A. Humans are naturally good; reason was key to the truth
B. More specific goals, equality and social reforms
C. Rational laws could only describe social behavior
D. Rethought greater equality toward treatment of women and children
C because actually rational laws described BOTH physical and social behavior
How did monarchs come to power during this period?
By centralizing and uniting people under a common name
What did monarchs do to keep power?
They aligned themselves with God; believed God ordained their right to govern
True or False
Monarchs disliked Martin Luther and Jean Calvin
False because they were taking power away from the Catholic Church
What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
He believed people are prone to violence and warfare;
Government should preserve peace and stability
