Revolution Defs. Flashcards
American Independence War
Rebellion that took place between 1775-1783. 13 colonies that England had in America fought against the British Empire. It was the first bourgeois revolution that influenced other revolutions such us French. It established a liberal political organization adding Enlightenment ideas becoming true.
Boston Tea Party
Rebellion in 1773. A group of colonists dressed up as Indians went to the boats full of tea and threw it to the sea. it was the outbreak for American revolution. they were protesting because of taxes on tea and the monopoly of British East India Company
Constitution
Group of laws establishing the organization of a state. it establishes the institutions and powers legislative and judicial. it also protects the rights and interests of all citizens in relation to the state, so the state cannot break the rules. the first constitution was the American in 1787
George III
King of England and Ireland from 1760 till 1820. his reign was famous because of taking part in the seven years war and in the American independence war
Parliamentary monarchy
Political system of government in which a hereditary monarch shares power with an elected parliament. according to the constitution the Monarch is the head of the state and distributes the other two powers legislative and judicial, that is why are commonly called constitutional monarchies. the first one was the British
George Washington
General and commander that leadered the colonial armies during American revolution. He won against British Empire and made him a national hero. in 1787 wars named president of the convention that role the constitution. Between 1789-97 was the first President of America. three years before he died he left the charge
Constitution of 1787
Is the American Constitution. is the first and eldest National Constitution in use. was based in Liberal ideas that established separation of powers, recognized Republican government and it was led by an elected president And federal system of government this means that the 13 colonies had the same position or power. also it showed to Europeans that enlightenment ideas could become real
Vote per person
It is that each a person has the right for one vote. when the king of France, Louis XVI, summoned and the Estates-general (French parliament) there was a great confrontation between the three estates due to the voting system. the King and priviledged classes wanted a vote per estate. while the Third Estate wanted a vote per person. the Third estate was more numerous than the other groups so a vote per person would have given them the Control of the estates-general
Third Estate
Lowest estate of society that belonged to the non-priviledged, so they had to pay taxes, and was formed by peasants, artisans, serfs and bourgeoisie. It also was one of the three social orders into which members were divided in it Estates-general. Its deputies transformation into a National Assembly in June of 1789 marked the beginning of the French revolution. the third estate played a decisive role in the French Rev. as it developed the new Enlightenment ideas and supported the revolution
Constitution of 1791
First French written constitution passed by National Assembly. existed thanks to the American revolution and enlightenment ideas. It established a constitutional monarchy, were sovereignty resided in the Legislative Assembly which was elected by indirect voting. this constitution established popular sovereignty, the separation of powers and male suffrage link to those with properties
Estates-general
Legislative body in France till 1789 representing the three estates (clergy,nobility, common people). it wasn’t summoned since 1614, but they met 5th May 1789. when Louis XVI summoned them to decide if the priviledged classes had to pay. it was the last Estates-general
Girondists
Members of the moderate Republican political party during the French revolution. Who played a role leading the Legislative Assembly from 1791 till 1792. were expelled by Jacobins in 1793
Jacobins
Was the most important or famous political group of the French revolution which became identified with extreme egalitarianism and violence. They ruled the government from 1793-94 and was named the Reign of Terror. its purpose was to protect the gains of the revolution against a possible Aristocratic reaction. their leader was Robespierre who was deposed and guillotined in 1794
Louis XVI
Last king of France till the French revolution (1789). his approval of French military and financial support for the American colonies brought him a success, but together with the seven years war drove the kingdom to the bankruptcy and they king had to support radical, fiscal, economic, and administrative Reforms. after trying to flee the country he was imprisoned and monarchy was abolised in 1792. he and his wife were guillotined in 1793
Congress of Viena
International meeting in Vienna (assembly) in 1814-1815 that reorganized Europe after the fall of Napoleon. the winning powers wanted to restore absolutism and redraw the European frontiers. the main aim of the Congress was to establish a balance between the European powers, so any estate would be more powerful than the others
Napoleon
French general, first consul on emperor of France from 1804-1815, and one of the most important characters in history. he defeated the great absolute monarchs of Europe and conquered great part of Europe although he never conquered Great Britain. he replaced absolutism by a liberal system with economic liberalism, religious freedom or right of property; but French army subjected the conquere inhabitants. This provoked movements against him that led to his abdication in 1815 and exile in Elba Island. he got away from there and governed 100 days being finally defeated in the battle of Waterloo. he was sent to Saint Helena Island where he died in 1821
National Assembly
Name of the revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the third estate in 1789. its formal name was national constituent assembly until it was replaced it by legislative assembly in 1791
Restoration
Period between the fall of Napoleon in 1815 and then beginning of the revolutionary process of 1830. in Europe this period was characterized by the attempt to recompose the framework of the Old Regime. something that its supporters only achieved in a limited way
Robespierre
radical French Jacobin leader and one of the principal figures in the French Revolution.In the last months of 1793 he dominated the principal organ of the revolutionary government during the reign of terror; but in 1794 he was deposed and executed/guillotined
Sans culottes
Militant supporters of the French revolution especially between 1792 and 1795 that presented themselves as members of the lower classes or leaders of the common people. their custom was the pantalon (long trousers) in place of the culotte (silk breeches) worn by the upper classes, as well as the carmagnole (short jacket) and the red cup (gorro) of liberty.
Storm of bastille
The Bastille was a medieval fortress in Paris that became in 17th 18th centuries a French state prison. it was stormed by an armed group of Parisians in the opening days of the French revolution.as it was a symbol of the despotism of the Bourbon monarchy and held an important place in the ideology of the revolution. on the morning of July 14, 1789 a crowd advanced on the bastille asking the prison governor to free the arms and munitions stored there. The people captured the place and this dramatic action symbolized the end of the Old Regime
XIX. liberal revolutions
After the fall of Napoleon the restoration tried to suppress the achievements got by Europeans during the French revolution, and returned to absolutism. but it failed as there were more liberal revolutions along the 19th century defending those achievements. there were three groups of revolutions: 1) 1820: in spain with the liberal rebellion and the independence of the American colonies and in Greece with its independence from the turkish empire 2) 1830: in France with the arrival of luis Felipe the Orleans or the independence of Belgium from Holland. 3) 1848: in France with the arrival of the Republic or in Italy and germany
