Revison for paper 1 Flashcards
How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange
They have thin walls to exchange gasses. They make the lungs have a very large surface area. They have lots of capillaries.
Describe what is meant by eukaryotic?
A complex cell for example an animal cell or plant cell that has a nucleus
What do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus?
A long strand of DNA or a piece of DNA in the nucleoid region without any membrane
What is the equation to calculate magnification?
image height / object height
Define the term specialised cell?
They have determined characteristics for example
Define 6 types of specialist cells
Red blood cells, sperm cells, neurons, muscle cells, xylem, phloem
How many chromosomes are in a human cell
23 pairs
What is a stem cell
A cell that is possible to become specialised
Define the term diffusion
The movement of molecules over a partially permeable membrane from a concentration to a low concentration
Define osmosis
The movement of water molecules from a low concentration to high diluting it
Define active transport
The movement of molecules over a partially permeable membrane from a low concentration to a high
Examples of where active transport occurs
The uptake of glucose in the intestines in humans, uptake of mineral ions in root hair cells
What is an enzyme
A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Describe the lock and key model
The substrate fits into the active site of an enzyme. The substrates
How would you test for a lipid
The emulsion test is a method to determine the presence of lipids using wet chemistry.
What are the 4 components of blood
Plasma, red blood cell, white blood cell, platelets
What is a noncancerous tumor called
Benign tumor
Why are malignant tumors life threatening
Because they will grow
Describe how virus reproduce
They get into a host cell and multiply using the cells resources. They then burst the cell
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Water+Carbon dioxide —–> Oxygen+ glucose
How do plants use glucose
To store starch, for respiration, for making cell walls, for making amino acids, stored as fats
What is the equation for measuring photosynthesis?
The inverse square law which links Light Intensity and distance
1
light intensity ∝ ———————-
distance(d)^2
Define metabolism
Metabolism is ALL the chemical reactions in an organism
What to lipids break down?
Lipids break down glycerol and fatty acids
Define respiration
Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes into every cell
What is cellulose made from?
Lots of small glucose molecules
What can small molecules of glucose form?
Starch (a storage molecule in plant and animal cells), Glycogen ( a storage molecule in only animal cells), Cellulose (a component of plant cell walls)
How is glucose broken down?
Via respiration. Respiration transfers energy to power all the reactions in the body that make molecules.
What is excess protein broken down into?
It is broken down into urea which is excreted as urine
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
C02+H20 ——–> C6H12O6 + 02
