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PSA > Revision Questions > Flashcards

Revision Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Why does hyperchloridaemia cause metabolic acidosis?

A

Forces bicarbonate intracellularly: reduces the available bicarbonate available for buffering

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2
Q

Dose of IV furosemide in acute heart failure if NOT on already

A

50mg

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3
Q

Water requirement for adult per day

A

25-30ml/kg/day

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4
Q

K+, Na+, Cl- requirement for adult per day

A

1 mmol/kg/day

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5
Q

Glucose requirement for adult per day

A

50-100g/day

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6
Q

Management Options in IBS

A

Loperamide - good if diarrhoea is prominent
Mebeverine - anti-spasmodic, good if prominent
Husk - constipation

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7
Q

1st Line - CAP, woman, not penicillin allergic

A

Doxycycline

Gives good mycoplasma and staph aureus coverage

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8
Q

If miss dose on DOAC

A

Don’t double up, just continue with normal dose the next day

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9
Q

Fluid to avoid in stroke

A

5% glucose

Increased risk of cerebral oedema

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10
Q

Warfarin + Macrolide

A

Enhanced anticoagulation

Inhibition of cytochrome enzymes

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11
Q

Examples of Insulin

  • Rapid
  • Long-Acting
A 
Rapid = insulin aspart: novorapid, insulin lispro: humalog
Long = determir: levemir, glargine: lantus
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12
Q

Increased risk of methotrexate toxicity

A

Penicillins e.g. amoxicillin

Reduced rate of clearance so increased risk of toxicity

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13
Q

Warfarin + Carbamazepine

A

Reduced anticoagulation

Cytochrome enzyme inducer

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14
Q

Medication to consider when starting levothyroxine

A

B-blocker

Cardioselective e.g. atenolol and bisoprolol is best

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15
Q

Lithium dose timing

What to do if dose needs reducing?

A

6 hours post-dose

Reduce between 1/3rd and 1/2

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16
Q

Gentamicin dosing

Once daily dosing

A

6-14 hours post-dose

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17
Q

Vancomycin dosing, what determines the target?

A

Depends on the severity of the infection

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18
Q

What is measured to determine the efficacy of digoxin?

A

Heart rate

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19
Q

What to use for severe agitation in dementia?

A

Haloperidol

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20
Q

Warfarin and High INR

>8

A

Stop + reversal

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21
Q

Warfarin and High INR

6-8

A

Stop warfarin

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22
Q

Warfarin and High INR

<6

A

Reduce or stop warfarin

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23
Q

Warfarin and High INR

<5

A

Reduced or one/two doses omitted

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24
Q

Oxygen delivery in COPD before ABG

A

28%, flow rate 4L/min

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25
Q

50 micrograms transdermal fentanyl/hour

= what dose in morphine?

A

120mg morphine/24 hours

5mg/morphine/hour

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26
Q

Insulin prescription if on steroids and raised BMs

A

= 10% increase in insulin dose

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27
Q

Amount of glucose in glucose 10%

A

10g glucose in 100ml

28
Q

Amount of glucose in 20%

A

20g glucose in 100ml

29
Q

Dose of glucose IV in hypoglycaemia

A

10% glucose 150ml IV over 15 minutes

= 15g glucose

30
Q

Citalopram is associated with

A

Hyponatraemia

31
Q

Heparin is associated with

A

Hyperkalaemia

32
Q

Tacrolimus is associated with

A

Hyperkalaemia

33
Q

Prednisolone is associated with (elderly)

A

Confusion

34
Q

Instruction for taking rivaroxaban

A

Take with food

35
Q

INR >1.5 on day before surgery

A

Give vitamin K

36
Q

Acceptable rise in creatinine when starting an ACE-I

A

<20% rise from baseline

37
Q

Jaundice associated with co-amoxiclav

A

Choleostatic

38
Q

Contraceptive advice

Oral progesterone only + topiramate

A

Need an alternative contraceptive method

39
Q

Warfarin + Rifampicin

A

Decreased anticoagulation

Decreases INR

40
Q

Warfarin + Penicillins

A

No overall/net effect

41
Q

Management of acute dystonia

A

10mg procyclidine

42
Q

80kg man
2L of saline with 40mmol potassium in each bag over 24 hours
What fluid next?

A

Has had 80 of potassium, has had more sodium and chloride than he needed
= 5% glucose/potassium chloride 0.3%
= pure water + 40mmol potassium
Given over 8-12 hours

43
Q

Withdrawal bleeding on HRT

A

= sequential HRT

Switch to continuous HRT

44
Q

Drug C/I in ischaemic ulcer disease

A

B-blockers
Contra-indicated in peripheral vascular disease
Cause vasoconstriction, worsens ischaemia

45
Q

When converting morphine to fentanyl…

A

Don’t forget to include breakthrough in the daily dosing

46
Q

Advice for MTX

A 
Contraceptive advice (use contraception during and for 6 months afterwards) 
Alcohol advice less important - can drink on MTX
47
Q

Constipation in children

A 
1st = macrogol 
2nd = senna or docusate (stimulant + softener)
48
Q

Anti-emetic of choice in mechanical bowel obstruction

A

Cyclizine

49
Q

Prednisolone side effect

A

Proximal myopathy

50
Q

Topical isotretinoin

A

Avoid in pregnancy

51
Q

4 hour paracetamol level under treatment line

A

No further action required

52
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

1st - oxybutynin, tolteradine

Mirabegron (good if worried about anticholinergic side effects)

53
Q

Bisphosphonates warning (2)

A

Jaw necrosis

Oesophageal reactions

54
Q

Ankle Oedema

A

Amlodipine

Naproxen

55
Q

Drug added to fluid - work out flow rate

A

Work out volume of drug
Work out volume of fluid
Then work out flow rate

56
Q

Management of drug-induced parkinsonism

A

Procyclidine

57
Q

Thyrotoxicosis on amiodarone

A

Need to withdraw amiodarone

58
Q

Anti-psychotic associated with hyperprolactinaemia

A

Risperidone

59
Q

Pethidine use in labour

A

IM not oral

60
Q

Unwell from confirmed influenza + At risk group + Present within 48 hours

A

Oseltamavir

Zanamivir - best avoid in asthma

61
Q

Association with metoclopramide

A

Dystonia

Oculogyric crisis

62
Q

Anti-depressant in <18 years

A

Fluoxetine

63
Q

Lithium + Analgesic

A

NSAIDs and lithium together = decreased renal excretion

64
Q

Gentamicin
High peak
High trough

A

Increase dosing interval

Decrease dose

65
Q

0.1% solution of A

A

Means 0.1g of A per 100ml

= 100mg per 100ml

PSA (1 decks)

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