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PSA > Revision Questions > Flashcards

Revision Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Why does hyperchloridaemia cause metabolic acidosis?

A

Forces bicarbonate intracellularly: reduces the available bicarbonate available for buffering

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2
Q

Dose of IV furosemide in acute heart failure if NOT on already

A

50mg

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3
Q

Water requirement for adult per day

A

25-30ml/kg/day

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4
Q

K+, Na+, Cl- requirement for adult per day

A

1 mmol/kg/day

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5
Q

Glucose requirement for adult per day

A

50-100g/day

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6
Q

Management Options in IBS

A

Loperamide - good if diarrhoea is prominent
Mebeverine - anti-spasmodic, good if prominent
Husk - constipation

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7
Q

1st Line - CAP, woman, not penicillin allergic

A

Doxycycline

Gives good mycoplasma and staph aureus coverage

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8
Q

If miss dose on DOAC

A

Don’t double up, just continue with normal dose the next day

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9
Q

Fluid to avoid in stroke

A

5% glucose

Increased risk of cerebral oedema

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10
Q

Warfarin + Macrolide

A

Enhanced anticoagulation

Inhibition of cytochrome enzymes

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11
Q

Examples of Insulin

  • Rapid
  • Long-Acting
A 
Rapid = insulin aspart: novorapid, insulin lispro: humalog
Long = determir: levemir, glargine: lantus
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12
Q

Increased risk of methotrexate toxicity

A

Penicillins e.g. amoxicillin

Reduced rate of clearance so increased risk of toxicity

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13
Q

Warfarin + Carbamazepine

A

Reduced anticoagulation

Cytochrome enzyme inducer

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14
Q

Medication to consider when starting levothyroxine

A

B-blocker

Cardioselective e.g. atenolol and bisoprolol is best

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15
Q

Lithium dose timing

What to do if dose needs reducing?

A

6 hours post-dose

Reduce between 1/3rd and 1/2

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16
Q

Gentamicin dosing

Once daily dosing

A

6-14 hours post-dose

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17
Q

Vancomycin dosing, what determines the target?

A

Depends on the severity of the infection

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18
Q

What is measured to determine the efficacy of digoxin?

A

Heart rate

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19
Q

What to use for severe agitation in dementia?

A

Haloperidol

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20
Q

Warfarin and High INR

>8

A

Stop + reversal

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21
Q

Warfarin and High INR

6-8

A

Stop warfarin

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22
Q

Warfarin and High INR

<6

A

Reduce or stop warfarin

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23
Q

Warfarin and High INR

<5

A

Reduced or one/two doses omitted

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24
Q

Oxygen delivery in COPD before ABG

A

28%, flow rate 4L/min

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25
50 micrograms transdermal fentanyl/hour | = what dose in morphine?
120mg morphine/24 hours | 5mg/morphine/hour
26
Insulin prescription if on steroids and raised BMs
= 10% increase in insulin dose
27
Amount of glucose in glucose 10%
10g glucose in 100ml
28
Amount of glucose in 20%
20g glucose in 100ml
29
Dose of glucose IV in hypoglycaemia
10% glucose 150ml IV over 15 minutes | = 15g glucose
30
Citalopram is associated with
Hyponatraemia
31
Heparin is associated with
Hyperkalaemia
32
Tacrolimus is associated with
Hyperkalaemia
33
Prednisolone is associated with (elderly)
Confusion
34
Instruction for taking rivaroxaban
Take with food
35
INR >1.5 on day before surgery
Give vitamin K
36
Acceptable rise in creatinine when starting an ACE-I
<20% rise from baseline
37
Jaundice associated with co-amoxiclav
Choleostatic
38
Contraceptive advice | Oral progesterone only + topiramate
Need an alternative contraceptive method
39
Warfarin + Rifampicin
Decreased anticoagulation | Decreases INR
40
Warfarin + Penicillins
No overall/net effect
41
Management of acute dystonia
10mg procyclidine
42
80kg man 2L of saline with 40mmol potassium in each bag over 24 hours What fluid next?
Has had 80 of potassium, has had more sodium and chloride than he needed = 5% glucose/potassium chloride 0.3% = pure water + 40mmol potassium Given over 8-12 hours
43
Withdrawal bleeding on HRT
= sequential HRT | Switch to continuous HRT
44
Drug C/I in ischaemic ulcer disease
B-blockers Contra-indicated in peripheral vascular disease Cause vasoconstriction, worsens ischaemia
45
When converting morphine to fentanyl...
Don't forget to include breakthrough in the daily dosing
46
Advice for MTX
``` Contraceptive advice (use contraception during and for 6 months afterwards) Alcohol advice less important - can drink on MTX ```
47
Constipation in children
``` 1st = macrogol 2nd = senna or docusate (stimulant + softener) ```
48
Anti-emetic of choice in mechanical bowel obstruction
Cyclizine
49
Prednisolone side effect
Proximal myopathy
50
Topical isotretinoin
Avoid in pregnancy
51
4 hour paracetamol level under treatment line
No further action required
52
Urge Incontinence
1st - oxybutynin, tolteradine | Mirabegron (good if worried about anticholinergic side effects)
53
Bisphosphonates warning (2)
Jaw necrosis | Oesophageal reactions
54
Ankle Oedema
Amlodipine | Naproxen
55
Drug added to fluid - work out flow rate
Work out volume of drug Work out volume of fluid Then work out flow rate
56
Management of drug-induced parkinsonism
Procyclidine
57
Thyrotoxicosis on amiodarone
Need to withdraw amiodarone
58
Anti-psychotic associated with hyperprolactinaemia
Risperidone
59
Pethidine use in labour
IM not oral
60
Unwell from confirmed influenza + At risk group + Present within 48 hours
Oseltamavir | Zanamivir - best avoid in asthma
61
Association with metoclopramide
Dystonia | Oculogyric crisis
62
Anti-depressant in <18 years
Fluoxetine
63
Lithium + Analgesic
NSAIDs and lithium together = decreased renal excretion
64
Gentamicin High peak High trough
Increase dosing interval | Decrease dose
65
0.1% solution of A
Means 0.1g of A per 100ml | = 100mg per 100ml

PSA (1 decks)

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