Revision of terms Flashcards
What does Innate mean?
Is a behaviour, ability, characteristic present from birth not obtained through knowledg
What is Craniometry?
The study of people’s intellectual abilitys based on the shape and size of their head.
What is Neurology?
The science and study of the brain and nervous systems
What is confirmatory bias?
When a scientists expectations unconsiously influence the outcome of their research. E.g they are looking for specific features of a phenomenon that confirms their expectations.
Psychometrics
A field of study within psychology concerened with the psychological of measurements of personality traits, attitudes, mood or intelligence.
Personality
A person’s stable or enduring characteristics
Individual differences
Characteristics that are variable between individuals
BAttery of tests
A series of tests measuring the same thing
What is a Scale ?
A term which refers to a set of questions which combine to make a measurement of a bigger construct that cannot be measured directly.
*used instead of the word ‘test’ in intellligence research.
Test Norms
Are bench marks used to assess an persons performance in Intelligence test to compare with scores of other test takers from the population.
Test Standardisation
The process of establishing test norms via issuing test to a large sample of the target group (population)
Corellation
Two items (not neccesarily directly related to each other ) are are related if something changes in one the other one changes.
What does g symbolise
General intelligence
What does IQ stand for?
Intelligence Quotient.
What is normal distribution?
assumption that characteristics will have an average across a section of a population
E.G shoe size 9 in UK is average.
What is a Bell curve?
Represented graphiclly normal distribution looks like a bell.
Fluid Intelligence
Is logical thinking and problem solving that is not learnt knowledge
Crystillised thinking
Acquired skills such as language and general knowledge
Theory
A set of propositions about a psychological phenomenon
A.P.A
American Psychological Association
Army Testing program
Created by Robert Yerkes
WW1
First pen and paper intelligence test
Alpha and Beta test
Alpha for literate
Beta for non literate
Eugenics Movement
A movement that advocated improvement of genetic traits through reproduction of people with desirable genetic traits and limiting reproduction with undesireable traits.
Scientific racisim
The manipulation of scientific theories and mehods to justify the belief in racial superiority /inferiority
Genetic code
The rules which govern how information encoded into genetic information will be passed along via protiens
Heritability
The extent with which a trait is heritable or due to genetic differences
Human Genome
The set of genetic information in the human DNA
Ethics
In psychological research this refers to the codes and principals should adhere to.
(Principals that determine right or wrong)
HEritability estimate
A estimate of the extent to which variability in intellegence in the population is accoungd for by genetic variability
Equal Environmen Assumption
The assumption within twin studies that pairs of twins raised together will experience the same environment
What is the difference between learning disability and learning difficulties (in UK?
LEARNING DISABILITY
Is a significant impairment in the ability to Learn, under stand new or complex information or cope independently with life’s demands
LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
Specific problems with reading or numbers that impaired someone within education
Euphemism treadmill
The process by which a new word introduced to replace an offensive word overtime is deemed offensive and replaced by another.
