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Y3-CSB endodontics > revision of endodontic principles > Flashcards

revision of endodontic principles Flashcards

1
Q

what is endodontology

A

it is concerned with the study form function and health of, injuries to and disease of the pulp and peri radicular region and their prevention and treatment and the principal disease being apical periodontitis caused by infection

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2
Q

what causes endodontic disease

A

microorganisms
host response
time

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3
Q

what is the difference in the apical region of the tooth than the coronal region

A

the apical region has less O2
nutrients from peri radicular tissues such as proteins and glycoproteins
lower bacterial count
the bacteria are less accessible to treatment measures

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4
Q

where is bacterial count higher in the tooth

A

in the coronal region

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5
Q

where does the bacteria get nutrients from in the apical region

A

from the peri radicular tissues such as proteins and glycoproteins

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6
Q

describe the bacteria in the coronal region

A

higher bacterial count

more accessible to treatment`tment

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7
Q

describe bacteria in the apical region

A

lower bacteria count
less accessible to treatment
more anaerobic bacteria

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8
Q

what do the bacteria feed off in the coronal region

A

nutrients from the oral cavity

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9
Q

what can be the nature of the root canal microflora

A

can be planktonic( free floating)

or bacterial biofilm

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10
Q

why is bacteria on a biofilm tricky to remove

A

as it is aggregated on a solid structure
complex community interactions
and it adheres to a wall

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11
Q

what can we use to help with diagnosis of endo treatment

A

SOCRATES

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12
Q

what else can we use for end treatment

A

special tests
radiographs
Cone bean CT
TTP- if it is TTP sign that the tooth is necrotic

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13
Q

what are the steps for isolation

A

1) Isolation
2) Access
3) Chemo mechanical prep
4) Irrigation
5) Temporisation
6) Obturation

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14
Q

what do we use for isolation

A

rubber dam! gold standard need to be used for medic legal purposes

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15
Q

what can happen if sodium hypochlorite touches soft tissues

A

can lead to soft tissue chemical burns, hemolysis, ulceration and necrosis o

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16
Q

what is important during chemo mechanical preperatoon

A

to try to achieve a smooth taper inside the canal to facilitate obturation and irrigation

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17
Q

why do we not mix Naclo and CHX

A

as it forms a precipitate called para chloralanine which blocks canals and is toxic and carcinogenic

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18
Q

which technique do we use to shape the canals

A

the double flare technique- flare the coronal third first and then the apical third and blend together

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19
Q

what is patency filing

A

using a size 10 file to clear any debris and aid irritant flow

20
Q

what is recapitulation

A

checking that the master apical file still passes to the working length

21
Q

what can be the issues with CBCT

A

higher dosage so needs to be justified
case by case basis
risk of false positives on PA pathology

22
Q

what do we need to keep in mind when considering canals

A

they cross sectional area should be narrower as we go down the canal
should flow with the original shape

23
Q

where should the apical foramen remain

A

in its original position

24
Q

how can we manipulate the files

A

balance force- carries more risk

stem winding- more optimal

25
Q

what are some errors caused by instrumentation

A

1) Dentine debris-removed by irrigation
2) Ledge-prevented by stem winding technique
3) Perforation-do not be aggressive with the files
Transportation

26
Q

how do we prevent dentine debris

A

irrigation

27
Q

how do we prevent ledges

A

by stem winding

28
Q

how do we prevent perforation

A

do not be aggressive with files

29
Q

how do we prevent transportation

A

do not force the files further than the apical constriction

30
Q

what are the two types of automated instrumentation

A

rotary

reciprocation

31
Q

what is rotary instrumentation

A

constant rotation in one direction

32
Q

what is reciprocation

A

rotation in one direction and then rotation in the other direction

33
Q

describe rotary files

A 
made of nickel titanium
used in crown down
increased flexibility and resistance allowed them to bend 
often have press for rpm and torque 
eg pro taper gold
34
Q

describe reciprocating files

A

used in crown down technique
made from NiTi
eg wave one

35
Q

give an example of rotary interments

A

pro taper gold

36
Q

give an example of reciprocating instruments

A

wave one

37
Q

how can rotary files separate

A

by torsional failure and cyclic fatigue

38
Q

what is torsional failure

A

occurs when the tip or any part of the instruments in locked in a canal while the shift continues to rotate

39
Q

what is cyclic fatigue

A

as a file rotates in a curved canal it will undergo compressive and tensional stresses across the cross section eg like a paper clip back and forward and then it snaps

40
Q

what is torque

A

a rotary force causing part of a structure to twist about the axis

41
Q

how do we avoid cyclic fracture

A

altering the point of fatigue and never leave them in one place

42
Q

how do we avoid this by using too much force

A

the motor has torque control and this means the file will simply stall

43
Q

what are hand instruments made from

A

stainless steel

44
Q

what are the automated files made from

A

ni-ti

and significantly more flexible

45
Q

how do we manipulate files

A

balance force and stem winding

Y3-CSB endodontics (8 decks)

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