Revision Notes Flashcards
EAB
Natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by Skinner
ABA
Science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior
What is radical behaviorism and how does it differ from methodological behaviorism? Be able to describe the 3 major assumptions of radical behaviorism.
Methodological behaviorism acknowledge the existence of mental events, but do not consider them in the analysis of behavior
Radical behaviorism incorporates private events as behavior
3 assumptions:
1. Private events are behavior
2. Private & public behaviors are differentiable only by their accessibility
3. Private events are subject to the same environmental influences as public behavior
Describe the primary contributions to the field of Behavior Analysis of Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov:
- Respondent conditioning
- Conditioned reflexes (Pavlov’s dogs)
Describe the primary contributions to the field of Behavior Analysis of Edward Thorndike
Edward Thorndike
- Trial-and-error learning
- Law of effect
- Unobservable states of mind
Describe the primary contributions to the field of Behavior Analysis of John B Watson
John B. Watson
- Behaviorism- science based on observable behavior
Describe the primary contributions to the field of Behavior Analysis of Skinner
Skinner
- Respondent conditioning
- Environmental events
- Operant conditioning
- Behavior & consequences
What are the 3 levels of understanding we seek as (behavioral) scientists?
- Description
* Facts about relations between variables - Prediction
* Repeated observations reveal that 2 events consistently co-vary
* Prediction of relative probability of one event given the presence of another event - Control
* Specific change with one variable can reliably be produced by a specific manipulations of another event
Be able to identify whether events exemplify contingency, contiguity, or both from examples I provide.
Contingency= one even is dependent on the other (if y, then x) Contiguity= events are temporally proximate
Identify good and poor characteristics of a measurement system. Also, be able to identify an appropriate measurement system (e.g., permanent product, rate, inter-trial interval) for examples I provide.
- Objective-clearly defined, observable, & quantifiable
- Reliable- repeatability in measurement across time and users
- Valid- accuracy in measuring what is being observed
- Sensitive- allows observer to see the changes in behavior
Reflexes and Respondent Conditioning
Identify examples of all three types of reflexes:
- Simple reflex
Eliciting stimulus and 1 response
Ex: light in the eye-pupil constriction - Fixed action pattern (FAP)
Eliciting stimulus and many responses
Ex: graylag goose and egg rolling - Reaction chains
Many eliciting stimuli and many responses
Ex nursing
Identify examples of the laws of reflexes and habituation.
1) . Law of the threshold:
* At weak intensities, a stimulus will not elicit a response
* There is a point below which no response is elicited and above which a response always occurs
2) . Law of intensity-magnitude:
* As the intensity of the US increases, so does the magnitude of the elicited UR
3) . Law of latency:
* As the intensity of the US increases, the latency to the appearance of the elicited UR decreases
4) . Habituation:
* Magnitude of the UR decreases with repeated exposures to the US
Provide the definition of respondent conditioning.
Respondent Conditioning: transfer of the control of a behavior from one stimulus to another by stimulus-stimulus pairing
Respondent extinction:
Respondent Extinction: Repeated presentations of the CS alone gradually weaken its ability to elicit the response to the point where the CS eventually becomes an NS again
Respondent generalization:
Louise was attacked by a grey cat. Not only did she develop a fear of grey cats but she developed a fear of all cats and small dogs too
