revision lecture Flashcards
what is health promotion?
the science and art of helping people to change their lifestyle to move towards a state of optimum health
what are the 5 health promotion action areas?
build healthy public policy create supportive environments strengthen community action develop personal skills reorient health services
who is health promotion aimed at?
individuals, communities, organisations and populations
what is health education?
involves some form of communication designed to improve health literacy and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health
what is health literacy?
the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health
what are the 5 models of health education?
medical, behavioural change, education, client centred and societal change models
what is the principle of the medical model of health education?
promotes medical intervention to prevent or relieve ill health and overall aim to provide freedom from medically-defined disease and disability
what is the principle of the behavioural change model of health education?
promotes attitude and behaviour change to encourage adoption of a healthier lifestyle and overall aims for individuals behaviour to provide freedom from disease
what is the principle of the education based model of health education?
promotes providing of information about the cause and effects of health demoting factors and aims for individuals to have knowledge and understanding that they will act upon to ensure healthy living
what is the principle of the client centred model of health education?
aims to work on the client’s own terms to discuss health issues, choices and actions, making the client empowered
what is the principle of the societal change model of health education?
aims for a physical and social environment which enables choice of a healthier lifestyle and involves political/social action
what must a dentist do to focus on the preventative needs of their patient?
recognise the influence of social determinants on individual behaviour
enable facilitation of skills development, access to information and resources
educate and influence decision makers
create enabling environments
what does FRAMES stand for with regards to alcohol brief interventions?
Feedback about personal risk and impairment
Responsibility - emphasis on personal responsibility
Advice to cut down/abstain due to harmful effects
Menu of alternative options
Empathetic interviewing (listen reflectively)
Self-efficacy - enhance belief in their ability to change
what are local delivery plan standards?
priorities set and agreed between the Scottish government and NHS boards in 2015
which 3 settings did NHS boards agree to sustain and embed ABIs in?
primary care, A+E and antenatal
what is the proven outcome of ABIs?
found to reduce overall alcohol consumption, binge drinking and alcohol related harm for up to a year
what is the aim of an ABI?
to motivate and support the individual to think about and change their drinking behaviour, to reduce their consumption
what should an ABI be?
a short, evidence based, structured conversation about alcohol consumption with a patient that is non-confrontational
what do smoking brief interventions aim to do?
to trigger quit attempts and prompt smokers to seek support from smoking cessation services
what should smoking brief interventions include?
simple opportunistic advice to stop
an assessment of the patient’s commitment to quit
an offer of pharmacotherapy and/or behavioural support
provision of self-help material
referral to more intensive support such as the NHS smoking cessation services
what are the 5 A’s?
Ask - about the smoking status
Advise - about the advantages and value of quitting
Assess - how motivated the patient is to quit
Assist - those who wish to quit
Arrange - monitoring, follow-up or referral
there are “5 R’s” to follow when a patient doesn’t want to quit, what are they?
Relevance - of smoking to the individual Risks - associated with smoking Rewards - of cessation Road Blocks - to stopping Repetition - repeat at each consultation
what 3 areas does the education model encompass?
knowledge, attitude and behaviour. It assumes that given the knowledge, attitude and behaviour will automatically change.
what are the 6 stages of change?
pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and relapse
