Revision Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Type 1 Error?

A
  • a level
  • When a result is significant we could either be correct or making a type 1 error
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2
Q

What is a Type 2 Error?

A
  • b level
  • When a result is not significant we could either be correct or making a type 2 error
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3
Q

What is Power?

A

1 - beta
probability of finding a significant effect when one exists in the population

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4
Q

What is t?

A

observed difference / expected difference

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5
Q

If t(15) = 2.3, p = .000, what does the value of 15 represent?

A

df (degrees of freedom)

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6
Q

In a one-sample t-test of effect sizes, what does the point of estimate stand for?

A

Cohen’s d

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7
Q

What is a small effect size?

(Cohens d, Persons r, Persons r2, eta-sq n2)

A

Cohens d = 0.2
Persons r = .1
Persons r2 = .01
Eta-sq n2 = .01

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8
Q

What is a medium effect size?

(Cohens d, Persons r, Persons r2, eta-sq n2)

A

Cohens d = 0.5
Persons r = .3
Persons r2 = .09
Eta-sq n2 = .06

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9
Q

What is a large effect size?

(Cohens d, Persons r, Persons r2, eta-sq n2)

A

Cohens d = 0.8
Persons r = .5
Persons r2 = .25
Eta-sq n2 = .14

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10
Q

What sample size will normally ensure that the sampling distribution of the means is normal?

A

30
- should also look symmetrical

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11
Q

What is the equation to test the assumption of normality?

A

Take each statistic for skew and kurtosis and divide it by its standard error.
- If this value is between ±1.96 then it can be considered normal.
- Aim for the number to be insignificant

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12
Q

What follow up test is used to test a prior prediction?

A

planned comparisons (contrasts)

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13
Q

If the number of comparisons is fewer than the number of levels in a planned comparison, what alpha level can we use?

A

a = 0.5

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14
Q

If the number of comparisions is more than the number of levels in a planned comparison, what alpha level can we use?

A

Bonferroni adjustment a = 0.25

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15
Q

What is the best method to use when running planned comparisons when you’re only interested in comparing 2 levels at one time?

A

Estimated Marginal means

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16
Q

What is meant by a 95 CI?

A

we are 95% confident that the true difference between the population means lies in the range

17
Q

What is the equation for F ratio?

A

F = BG variance / WG Variance

18
Q

What is the Df total equation?

A

Df total = N - 1

19
Q

What is the Df between equation?

A

Df between = Number of groups – 1 or a - 1

20
Q

What is the Df within equation?

A

Df within = N – a or df1 + df2 + df3 + …dfa

21
Q

What are the 3 assumptions of 1 way ANOVAS?

A
  • Independence of scores
  • Normality
  • Homogeneity of Variance
22
Q

How do we test the assumption of Homogeneity of Variance?

A

non significant Levenes