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CHEM2103 > Revision: Common Reactions > Flashcards

Revision: Common Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

alkene + hydrogen gas

A

alkane

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2
Q

alkene + bromine/chlorine

A

haloalkane

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3
Q

alkene + hydrogen halide

A

haloalkane

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4
Q

alkene + water

A

alcohol

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5
Q

alkane + halogen + uv

A

haloalkane + hydrogen halide

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6
Q

alcohol + hydrogen halide

A

haloalkane + water

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7
Q

haloalkane + sodium/potassium hydroxide

A

alcohol + metal halide

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8
Q

alcohol + acid

A

alkene + water

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9
Q

ester + sodium hydroxide

A

sodium carboxylate + alcohol

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10
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohols

A

aldehyde then to carboxylic acid

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11
Q

Oxidation of secondary alcohols

A

ketone

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12
Q

Oxidation of tertiary alcohols

A

no reaction

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13
Q

carboxylic acid + amine

A

amide + water

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14
Q

carboxylic acid + alcohol

A

ester + water

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15
Q

What is an E1 mechanism

A

-Elimination, unimolecular.
-The Rate Only Depends On Concentration of Substrate (Not Base).
-the rate proceeds in the order tertiary (fastest) > secondary&raquo_space; primary (slowest)
-forms a carbocation intermediate
-proceeds in 2 steps

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16
Q

What is an E2 mechanism

A

-Elimination, bimolecular
-rate depends on concentration of both the substrate and the base
-one step reaction (no intermediate

17
Q

What is an Sn1 reaction

A

-substitution, unimolecular
-rate of the reaction depends only on the concentration of the substrate
-two step mechanism
-form a carbocation intermediate
-often results in a racemic mixture if the carbon was chiral

18
Q

What is an Sn2 reaction

A

-bimolecular substitution
-rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of both the substrate (alkyl halide) and the nucleophile.
-involves backside attack, meaning the nucleophile attacks the carbon center from the side opposite to where the leaving group is departing.
-opposite stereochemistry to the starting material).

19
Q

What is the Zaitsev rule?

A

the major product is often the one where the double bond is formed at the carbon that has the greater number of alkyl substituents.

CHEM2103 (4 decks)

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