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LIFE > Revision Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Revision Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system consists of

A

Brain, spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral NS consists of 3 types of nerves

A

Sensory nerves, motor nerves, autonomic nerves

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3
Q

Purpose of sensory nerves. What type of fibres

A

Touch, pain. From periphery (skin) TOWARDS spinal cord. Called Afferent fibres

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4
Q

Purpose of motor nerves

A

Voluntary control of skeletal muscle. AWAY from spinal cord to muscle: Somatic efferent system/fibres. Efferent means outward.

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5
Q

Purpose of autonomic nerves

A

Unconscious physiological control of organ system

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6
Q

Examples of medicines affecting CNS

A

Schizophrenia, depression, opioids

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7
Q

Medicines for PNS

A

Pain relief, muscle weakness, cardiovasuclar, GI, respiratory…

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8
Q

3 Divisions of autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic NS, Parasympathetic NS, Enteric NS

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9
Q

Use of sympathetic NS

A

Flight or flight

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10
Q

Use of parasympathetic NS

A

Rest and digest, stimulates visceral (internal organs) processes

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11
Q

Use of enteric NS

A

Local neuronal network that co-ords GI tract w imput from PNS and SNS

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12
Q

Anatomy from spinal cord to target tissue for sympathenic + parasympth NS

A

Pre-ganglionic neurone from CNS. A connection (synapse) made with second in a ganglion. To post-ganglionic neurone that innervates target tissue.

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13
Q

What is a ganglion

A

Group of nerve cell bodies

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14
Q

How can adrenaline be released from some pre-ganglionic SNS fibres

A

The pre-gang synapse with the adrenal medulla (inside adrenal gland above kidneys) which releases adrenaline

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15
Q

How many neurones for skeletal muscle

A

1 motor neurone from CSN to skeletal muscle

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16
Q

5 divisions of spinal cord and where in body

A

Medullary + cervical = Neck. Thoracic = Chest. Lumbar = Back. Sacral = Bottom end

17
Q

Where do sympath pre-ganglionic neurones originate

A

Thoracic and lumbar of spinal cord

18
Q

Are pre-gang neurones short or long in sympa vs parasympa

A

Sympa: Short. Parasympa: Long

19
Q

What are paired PARAvertebral connections and their collective name (sympath)

A

Where pre-gang synapse on either side of the spinal cord. Many are in a line down CLOSE to spinal cord in the PARAvertebral chain.

20
Q

What are unpaired PREvertebral ganglia and where

A

In front of spinal cord. Make connections to intestines, pelvic viscera (NOT symmetric)

21
Q

3 types of connections where pre-gang synapse in (sympath)

A

Paired paravertebral, unpaired prevertebral gang, adrenal medulla

22
Q

Examples of where postgang neurones go (sympath)

A

They are long so (paired) paravertebral: eyes, lungs, blood vessels, heart. Prevertebral: Liver, GI tracts etc

23
Q

Where do parasympth pregang originate from

A

Medullary and sacral

24
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia located in relation to target organs

A

Close to them. Far from spinal cord

25
Q

What is the 10th cranial nerve

A

The vagus. Parasympathetic innervation of hear, lungs, upper GI tract.

26
Q

What is the vascular shunt

A

Blood redistributed where blood vessels are constricted to GI, skin, brain but relaxted to skeletal muscle

27
Q

3 main principal chemicals + their group

A

Acetycholine, Noradrenaline = Neurotransmitters. Adrenaline = Hormone

28
Q

Acetylcholine acts on 2 types of receptors

A

Nicotinic receptors = Ligand gated ion channels superfamily (fast)
Muscarinic receptors = G protein couples receptors (flexible results)

29
Q

What receptors does Noradren and adrenaline act on

A

Adrenoceptors = G protein couples receptors

30
Q

How many adrenoceptors subtypes

A

5: α1, α2, β1, β2, β3

31
Q

Use of acetylcholine

A

In all preganglionic neurones (parasym and sympa) in combo with nicotinic acetylcholic ion channel receptors.
In postgang PARAsympathetic neurones. Activates muscarinic receptors on target cells (G prot)

32
Q

Main SYMPathetic mediators in postgang

A

Noradrenaline activating adrenoceptors (G prot)

33
Q

What can be a result of circulating adrenaline in sympathetic

A

Both noradrenaline and adrenaline activate adrenoceptors! Eg lung bronchi where adrenaline is main stimulus

34
Q

What is used in sympathetic innervation of sweat glands (exception)

A

Acetylcholine -> muscarinic receptors

35
Q

Why does slabutamol activate adrenoceptors better in lungs than heart

A

Selective for β2-adrenoceptors in lung over β1-adr in heart!

LIFE (4 decks)

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