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Year 1 Cariology > Revision and CMF > Flashcards

Revision and CMF Flashcards

1
Q

Assessing the patient

A

Persons characteristics and behaviours

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2
Q

Assessing the lesion

A

The extent and severity of the lesion and surfaces at risk

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3
Q

Treating the patient

A

Modifying key risk factors using motivational behaviour change and skill development

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4
Q

Treating the lesion

A

Lesions non-invasively and operatively in the home and clinics

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5
Q

Monitoring the patient

A

Lifestyle changes

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6
Q

Monitoring the lesion

A

Lesion changes

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7
Q

Define primary prevention

A
  • Primary prevention aims to avoid the development of a disease
  • E.g encouraging less consumption of sugars to reduce caries risk, fluoridated toothpaste
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8
Q

Define secondary prevention

A
  • The focus of secondary prevention is early disease detection, making it possible to prevent the worsening of the disease
  • Detection of disease in asymptomatic patients with screening or diagnostic testing and preventing the spread of communicable diseases
  • Treating a white spot lesion
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9
Q

Define tertiary prevention

A
  • Reduce the negative impact of an already-established disease by restoring function
  • Drilling and filling
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10
Q

The patient

A
  • Empowering the person exposed to the risk factors of this preventable, chronic disease in their cultural, socioeconomic, & physical environments
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11
Q

The lesion

A
  • Managing the lesion

in the dental tissues as a result of the pathophysiology in the mouth and the dental biofilm

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12
Q

List the types of gels used

A
  • APF gel: 12300 ppm NaF with acid
  • NEUTRAL NaF gel: 9000 ppm F, used for enamel erosion, exposed dentine, carious dentine, hypomineralization, and restorations of GIC, composite resin or porcelain
  • Stannous fluoride gel: used for remineralization of white spot and hypomineralized enamel, root caries. Warning: discolouration
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13
Q

Why would you use a sodium fluoride rinse?

A
  • Ortho patients
  • Post radiation hyposalivation
  • Inadequate toothbrushing
  • High caries risk
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14
Q

How long does it take for a lesion to progress into dentine in a:

  • Fluoridated community
  • Non- fluoridated community
A

Fluoridated community
8. 7 years

Non- fluoridated community
1. 5 years

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15
Q

What non- operative treatment occurs in:

  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
A

Primary prevention:

  • Professional cleaning
  • Polishing
  • Application of topical fluoride
  • Application of sealants and protective coatings
Secondary prevention:
* AIM: arrest WSLs 
to avoid cavitation
* Application of topical fluoride
* Sealing pits and fissures
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16
Q 
How would you treat an ICDAS:
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Code 4 
Code 5
Code 6
A

Code 1
* Twice daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste

Code 2
* F varnish or GIC

Code 3
* Sealant

Code 4

  • If lesion is not radiographically in dentine, SEAL
  • If lesion is radiographically in dentine, ultra-conservative restoration
  • Remove infected dentine, keep affected dentine

Code 5

  • Ultra-conservative restoration
  • Remove infected dentine, keep affected dentine

Code 6
* Restore

17
Q

Assessing the person’s characteristics and behaviours

A
  • Diet assessment
  • Plaque assessment
  • Toothbrushing assessment
  • Saliva flow
18
Q

Assessing the lesion and surfaces at risk

A
  • Separators
  • Radiographs
  • Pre and post- op progression
  • Caries risk factors
  • Caris risk markers
19
Q

Modifying key risk factors through motivational behaviour change and skill development

A
  • 4 caries risk factors
  • Effective oral care modifies fluoride, saliva and plaque risk factors

Motivational behaviour change

  • Educate on toothbrushing
  • Educate on benefits of Fluoride
  • Educate about disease prognosis
  • Educate about treatment options, treatment iatrogenesis, treatment shelf- life
20
Q

Treating the lesion at:

  • Home
  • Operatively in clinics
A

Home

  • Tooth Brushing
  • Fluoride
  • Diet
  • Gum
  • High risk = chlorhexidine

Operatively in clinics

  • Sealants
  • Topical fluorides
  • Dental cleans/ polishing
  • TREATING SOUND HOMOLOGOUS SURFACES AS A PREVENTION
21
Q

Monitoring life style changes

A

Depends on which risk a person had:

  • Fluoride risk:
    Assess fluoride intake
  • Plaque risk:
    Assess plaque index scores
    Assess toothbrushing which should be effective and least damaging
  • Saliva risk:
    Saliva testing
    LS and MB counts
    Buffer, saliva flow rate
  • Diet risk:
    Assess frequency and composition of diet
22
Q

Define dental caries

A

• Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues
• Caries can occur throughout life, both in primary and permanent dentitions, and can damage the tooth crown and, in later life, exposed root surfaces
* The balance between pathological and protective factors influences the initiation and progression of caries

23
Q

Describe the development of the carious lesion.

A

The caries lesion begins when bacteria becomes tolerant to, and begins producing high levels of acid on a tooth surface.

While normally in the tooth there is a healthy, dynamic balance where remineralisation overpowers demineralisation, the presence of acid tolerant and acid producing bacteria causes demineralisation to outweigh remineralisation.

As a result, huge amounts of demineralisation causes cavitation within the enamel. With enamel being cavitated, bacteria can reside within the cavity and the continuing process of demineralisation can eventually work its way into dentine. This creates a huge zone of demineralisation.

Affected dentine occurs; the dentine has succumbed to the acid attack but is free from bacteria.
Beneath the affected dentine, more calcified dentine known as “sclerotic dentine” is formed. This attempts to acts as a fortified, calcified wall meant to ward off the acid attack away from the pulp.

In addition, reactionary dentine forms as projectory into the pulp chambers, further reinforcing the blockade against the acid attack.

Year 1 Cariology (11 decks)

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