Revision: Ancien Regime and Enlightenment 1/11/23 Flashcards
What was the “taille”?
Land tax
What was the Don Gratuit?
Voluntary first estate tax to the Ancien Regime
What was the Noblesse de Robe?
Venal Nobles (purchased role from the king)
What was the Noblesse d’eppe?
Born into their title and lived in Versailles
What was the vingtieme?
Income tax
What was the gabelle?
Salt tax
What was the Tithe?
Church tax
What was the salt tax called?
Gabelle
What was the church tax called?
Tithe
Name two criticisms of the First Estate
- Pluralism
- Absenteeism
What was the unpaid labour done by the third estate called?
Corvee Royale
What were Sparrow Hawks?
Poor nobles with only titles
What were Intendants?
Royal representatives who travelled around France to collect taxes.
What is a remonstrance?
How parlement stopped royal laws from passing.
What is a Lit de Justice?
The overturning of a remonstrance
What is the pays d’etats?
An area that decides how much tax they pay
What did Emmanuelle Sieyes do?
Wrote “what is the third estate?” and radicalised the third estate.
What were philisophes?
French thinkers thinking about the enlightenment
What were Salons?
A place where different estates would come together to discuss enlightenment.
What were Libelles?
Books with cartoons instead of words for the third estate to read, radicalising them with anti-monarchical ideas
Name three philisophes
- Voltaire
- Rousseau
- Montesquieu
What book did Voltaire write?
Candide
What did Voltaire believe?
- Critical of the church
- Questions divine right
What did Rousseau believe in?
Social content
What did Montesquieu believe in?
Separation of powers
How much debt did Louis XVI inherit?
2 Billion livres
How much debt did the American War of Independence land France in?
1.3B Livres
How much did the debt increase by every year?
165 million livres / year
What did Turgot do?
- Remove privileges
- Land tax
- Reduce royal expensive
- Oppose war
What did Necker do?
- Reduce spending
- Royal budget
- Compte de Rendu
- Au Roi (lied about cash)
- Prevent venality
- Land tax
What did Calonne do?
- Continue spending (to show confidence to lenders)
- Land tax abolished
- Vingtieme abolished
- Corvee royale abolished
- Reduce spending
- Parlement remonstrances
- Calls for assembly of notables
- Rubber stamp
- Bankruptcy declared in 1787
When was bankruptcy declared in France
1787
What date was the day of tiles?
7th June 1788
When did Louis agree on an Estate General?
May 1788
When was the OPENING of the Estates General?
5th May 1788
