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Advanced Higher Geography > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Chi-Squared Analysis used for?

A

Used by comparing observed data we would expect to obtain with the data we might expect

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2
Q

What is standard deviation used for?

A

Used to describe the spread of data around a central value

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3
Q

What is Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient used for?

A

Used to describe the strength and direction of a relationship between 2 variables

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4
Q

What is Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation used for?

A

Used to measure the strength of a linear relationship between 2 variables

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5
Q

What is Linear Regression Analysis used for?

A

Used to determine the linear relationship between one dependent variable and one independent variable

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6
Q

What is Nearest Neighbour Analysis used for?

A

Used to measure the distributions according to whether they’re clustered, random or regular

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7
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of Chi-Squared Analysis?

A
  • Useful in measuring differences between observed and expected
  • Useful when data can be grouped into classes
  • Cannot use percentages
  • Difficult formula
  • Data must be in the form of frequencies
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8
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of standard deviation?

A
  • Shows how much data is clustered around a mean value
  • Gives a more accurate idea of how data is distributed
  • Can be hard to calculate
  • It doesn’t give you the full range of data
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9
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient?

A
  • Shows the significance of the data
  • Doesn’t assume normal distribution
  • Can be hard to calculate/difficult formula
  • Needs 2 sets of variable data to be performed
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10
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient?

A
  • Can be hard to calculate
  • Assumes a linear relationship between variables even if this does not exist
  • Indicates the presence/absence of a correlation between 2 variables
  • Compared to other methods it is time consuming to get results
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11
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of Linear Regression Analysis?

A
  • Simple to implement
  • Easy to interpret output coefficients
  • Less complex compared to other algorithms
  • Linear relationship between variables is assumed which isn’t always the case
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12
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of Nearest Neighbour Analysis?

A
  • No account is taken of the influence of the physical landscape on the location of features which can distort results
  • Analysis is not precise when there is more than one cluster
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13
Q

What are the advantages of kite diagrams?

A
  • They clearly show the amount and distribution of a plant species
  • It’s easy to make comparisons along the line of transect between different plant species
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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of kite diagrams?

A
  • They can be time consuming to draw

- There is a lot of information to display therefore coming up with a suitable scale can be tricky

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15
Q

What are the advantages of polar graphs?

A
  • Can be used to show the magnitude as well as direction

- They allow comparisons to be made

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16
Q

What are disadvantages of polar graphs?

A
  • They are time consuming to draw compared to other methods of displaying data
  • The scale must relate to the radius of the circle
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17
Q

What are the advantages of triangular graphs?

A
  • They are efficient as they display a lot of information and can be drawn on one page
  • They can be used to show data that’s been divided into 3 parts
  • Once plotted, value groupings are easily identified
18
Q

What are the disadvantages of triangular graphs?

A
  • They can be time consuming and confusing to draw

- The data must be in percentage form

19
Q

What are the advantages of dispersion graphs?

A
  • They are an easy way to compare two sets of data
  • They allow you to determine the median and the upper and lower quartiles
  • They show the range of data
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of dispersion graphs?

A
  • The scale must be chosen carefully in order to be effective
  • Clustering can make the graph hard to read
21
Q

What are the advantages of bipolar analysis?

A
  • They are an effective technique for comparing 2 or 3 sets of data
  • Easy to make a visual comparison by looking at the lines
22
Q

What are the disadvantages of bipolar analysis?

A
  • Can be hard to read if the comparison is between 2 sets of similar data as lines may overlap
  • An appropriate scale must be chosen carefully
23
Q

What are the advantages of logarithmic graphs?

A
  • They can be used to show data with a large range of values
  • They let us plot a straight line instead of a curve
  • They allow us to compare data that couldn’t normally be compared on the same diagram
24
Q

What are the disadvantages of logarithmic graphs?

A
  • Scale must be considered carefully when comparing data
  • Graph can become clustered where symbols overlap
  • Must be drawn on logarithmic graph paper
25
Q

What are the advantages of system diagrams?

A
  • They help put across basic ideas in an efficient manner
  • They simplify systems that may be complicated to communicate
  • They can be used to summarise a series or processes
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of system diagrams?

A

-They can become too simplistic or too complicated

27
Q

What are the advantages of dot maps?

A
  • They aren’t as time consuming to draw compared to other maps
  • They have a good visual impact and clearly show distribution
  • They show the exact point location
28
Q

What are the disadvantages of dot maps?

A
  • Clustering can make the map hard to read
  • The scale must be chosen carefully
  • All data points are assumed to be equal but they will not be
29
Q

What are the advantages of isoline maps?

A
  • They show gradual pattern changes over a large area
  • Fixed intervals are used so changes can be identified easily
  • Colour/density shading can be added to enhance patterns
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of isoline maps?

A
  • They require data for a large number of locations

- The shading implies equal values between the isolines

31
Q

What are the advantages of choropleth maps?

A
  • They have a good visual impact- can show a large amount of information and general patterns
  • They have levels of colour/density that represent a range of values
  • They are good for making comparisons between areas
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of choropleth maps?

A
  • It can be difficult to tell the difference between shades
  • Boundaries indicate a sharp contrast between areas which is not the case
  • Consideration must be given to the value of groupings
33
Q

What are the advantages of proportional symbol maps?

A
  • The data is associated with a specific location
  • Useful for comparing differences between many places
  • They have a good visual impact
34
Q

What are the disadvantages of proportional symbol maps?

A
  • Time consuming to draw
  • Size of dots/bars may obscure the location you’re showing data of
  • It can be tricky to calculate the actual value if it’s not shown
35
Q

What are the advantages of flow maps?

A
  • Shows movement of people, goods, transport etc.
  • Can show volume of direction of movement
  • The width of the lines are proportional to the value
36
Q

What are the disadvantages of flow maps?

A
  • Can be difficult to plot accurately

- To achieve a clear image, the real distance and direction may be distorted

37
Q

What are the advantages of sphere of influence?

A
  • They show the need for public services in an area
  • They show social or economic influences within an area
  • They show the differences between out-of-town shopping centres and those within a CBD
38
Q

What are the disadvantages of sphere of influence?

A
  • Map assumes the whole region/area has the same value- it may not
  • No account is taken of the physical/human landscape in determining the extent of the area influenced
39
Q

What are the advantages of a transect?

A
  • They provide a good visual overview of the survey area

- They can be compared with other transects or cross-sections

40
Q

What are the disadvantages of a transect?

A
  • They are time consuming to draw and need to be an accurate representation of reality
  • They are only a snapshot in time

Advanced Higher Geography (1 decks)

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