Revision

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound made up only of carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

What is a homologous series?

Answer 2

A family of molecules with similar chemical properties and a trend in physical properties

Question 3

What is the name of the element with 1 carbon?

Answer 3

Methane, CH4

Question 4

What is the name of the element with 2 carbons?

Answer 4

Ethane, C2H6

Question 5

What is the name of the element with 3 carbons?

Answer 5

Propane, C3H8

Question 6

What is the name of the element with 4 carbons?

Answer 6

Butane, C4H10

Question 7

What is the name of the element with 5 carbons?

Answer 7

Pentane, C5H12

Question 8

What is the name of the element with 6 carbons?

Answer 8

Hexane, C6H14

Question 9

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 9

C n H 2n+2

Question 10

What is crude oil?

Answer 10

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 11

Describe fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 11

Heated crude oil enters the column which is hot at the bottom and cool at the top.
Vapors rise, condense when they cool and come out the column at different heights.

Question 12

What are the short chain hydrocarbons at the top (coolest) part of the column, and what can they be used for?

Answer 12

Refinery gases- domestic heating and cooking

Question 13

What is the second brightest in the column and what can it be used for?

Answer 13

Gasoline-fuel for cars

Question 14

What is the third highest in the column and what can it be used for?

Answer 14

Kerosene- for aircraft

Question 15

What is third lowest in the column and what can it be used for?

Answer 15

Diesel- fuel for some cars and trains

Question 16

What is and what can the second lowest in the column be used for

Answer 16

Fuel oil- ships and power stations

Question 17

What is lowest in the column and what can it be used for?

Answer 17

Bitumen- roads and roofs

Question 18

What is fuel?

Answer 18

A substance that when burned, creates energy

Question 19

What are the products of complete combustion?

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 20

What are the products of incomplete combustion(when there’s not enough air)?

Answer 20

Carbon MONOXIDE and water

Question 21

What happens if there’s even less oxygen in the incomplete combustion?

Answer 21

Soot and water are produced

Question 22

Why is carbon monoxide poisonous?

Answer 22

Because it replaces oxygen in your red blood cells, causing death by asphyxiation

Question 23

What aspect of car engines causes nitrogen oxides?

Answer 23

The hot engine which allows nitrogen and oxygen to react

Question 24

How and what does combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuel create?

Answer 24

Some fuels contain sulphur, meaning when they’re combusted they create sulfur dioxide

Question 25

How do sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide contribute to acid rain?

Answer 25

They dissolve in rain water to make acids

Question 26

How does catalytic cracking work?

Answer 26

The large hydrocarbons are heated to 600-700C to vaporize them. Then they are passed over a catalyst of silica or alumina which breaks covalent bonds, cracking the hydrocarbons

Question 27

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 27

One with only single bonds