Revision

Question 1

Single stranded virus

Answer 1

Polio
Measles
Influenza
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Double:

Herpes simplex virus

Question 2

VIRUS REPLICATION does the replication of the nucleic acid occur?

Answer 2

Eclipse Phase

Question 3

viruses is the most common cause of cold sores around the mouth?

Answer 3

Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Question 4

Epstein Barr Virus most commonly affect?

Answer 4

B lymphocytes

Question 5

how big is HIV

Answer 5

110 nm

Question 6

Which of the following types of vaccines induces both T cell and antibody responses?

Answer 6

Live attenuated vaccines

Question 7

Pathogenicity Islands…

Answer 7

Pathogenicity Isalnds are a class of non-core genomes that are acquired by HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; they can be revealed by aligning pathogenic genomic DNA and a closely-relate non-patho

Question 8

ibrio cholerae is an example of an extracellular bacterial pathogen

Answer 8

It is transmitted via the faecal-oral route
There is SUDDEN (not late) onset of watery diarrhoea; it is a rod-shaped GRAM NEGATIVE bacterium; there is no blood/mucous in the stool and the cholera toxin causes opening of ions channels.

Question 9

ibrio cholerae is an example of an extracellular bacterial pathogen

Answer 9

It is transmitted via the faecal-oral route
There is SUDDEN (not late) onset of watery diarrhoea; it is a rod-shaped GRAM NEGATIVE bacterium; there is no blood/mucous in the stool and the cholera toxin causes opening of ions channels.

Question 10

The following are the most common antibiotic-resistant pathogens in the UK. Which one is most likely to cause burn wound infections and particularly affects immunocompromised hosts?

Answer 10

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P aeuruginosa is a Gram negative bacterium that causes opportunistic infections including those of burn wounds. It survives on abiotic surfaces and particularly affects immunocompromised hosts. It is a frequent cause of respiratory infection in patients with Cystic fibrosis
Best Option is: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 11

Of the following 5 mechanisms of resistance of antibiotic-resistant organisms, which alteration/modification does the Quinolone class select for?

Target site modification

Answer 11

Sulfonamide resistance is conferred by blocking uptake/decreasing influx. Tetracycline resistance is mediated by efflux/membrane pumps. Penicillin resistance works via drug inactivation (beta-lactamase) or altered target site (alternative penicillin-binding proteins as found in MRSA). Metronidazole resistance is associated with with target amplification

Question 12

Of the following 5 mechanisms of resistance of antibiotic-resistant organisms, which alteration/modification does the Quinolone class select for?

Target site modification

Answer 12

Sulfonamide resistance is conferred by blocking uptake/decreasing influx. Tetracycline resistance is mediated by efflux/membrane pumps. Penicillin resistance works via drug inactivation (beta-lactamase) or altered target site (alternative penicillin-binding proteins as found in MRSA). Metronidazole resistance is associated with with target amplification

Question 13

POLIO

Answer 13

Sabin vaccine type is live attenuated virus.

Salk vaccine type is inactive virus.

Question 14

Historically, variolation was used as a method of immunization against this disease.

Answer 14

smallpox

Question 15

Bacterium that use a Type III secretion system to inject its own receptor into the plasma membrane and leads to diseases such as ‘traveller’s diarrhoea’.

Answer 15

Escherichia coli

Question 16

Also known as ‘flesh-eating bacterium

Answer 16

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 17

Non-pathogenic forms of this bacterium are part of the normal intestinal flora.

Answer 17

Escherichia coli

Question 18

Bacterium for which there is currently no vaccine against some serogroups.

Answer 18

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 19

what cells present MHC class I

Answer 19

All nucleated cells, inclusing those that present MHC class II

Question 20

The following fungus is not opportunistic

Answer 20

Coccidioides immitis

Only C. immitis is able to establish infection within a normal host (i.e. one that is not compromised).

Question 21

Diagnosis of systemic fungal infection can be done by non-culture methods, by means of antibody-antigen based assays which can detect all of the following except

Answer 21

Chitin cannot be detected by the Ig-detected assay. The presence of any of the other proteins can help detect the pathogen that is infecting a host.