revision

Question 1

cliffed coast

Answer 1

transition from land to sea is abrupt
at low tide the foreshore zone is a exposed platform
cliffs are vertical, but cliff angles can be much lower

Question 2

sandy coastline

Answer 2

high tide, sandy beach is inundated but the vegetated dunes are not
dune vegetation plays a crucial role in stabilising the coast and preventing erosion

Question 3

estuarine coastline

Answer 3

extensive mud flats, cut by channels, are exposed at low tide but inundated at high tide

Question 4

Dalmatian coasts

Answer 4

tectonic activity folded limestone layers so that ridges and valleys formed parallel to the coast
sea level rose- downed the valleys

Question 5

haff coast

Answer 5

form in low energy environments due to deposition by onshore winds
long sediment ridges topped by sand dunes that run parallel to the coast
the build up of these sand dunes have created lagoons

Question 6

igneous

Answer 6

most resistant - formed by heat and pressure
crystalline structure
granite
0.1-0.3

Question 7

metamorphic rocks

Answer 7

resistant rocks
folded and faulted
create rocky coastlines 
e.g. slate and schist
0.5-1

Question 8

sedimentary rocks

Answer 8

cemented sediment particles
under heat and pressure
e.g. chalk
1-100cm

Question 9

differential erosion

Answer 9

happens at different rates due to the geological structure of the rocks

Question 10

xerophyte

Answer 10

marram grass
survive in sandy conditions
waxy leaves rolled in wards to prevent evaporation

Question 11

halophyte

Answer 11

glasswort

survive salty conditions

Question 12

succession

Answer 12

the changing structure of a plant community over time an as initially bare surface is colourised by pioneer species and continue to develop
typically takes place in low energy environments

Question 13

psammosere

Answer 13

sand dunes

Question 14

haloseres

Answer 14

salt marsh

Question 15

fetch

Answer 15

the distance over which the wind has blown

Question 16

destructive waves

Answer 16

backwash is bigger than swash

scours beach material

Question 17

constructive waves

Answer 17

stronger swash than backwash

builds up the beach

Question 18

beach morphology

Answer 18

the shape of the beach

Question 19

LSD

Answer 19

the prevailing wind means that the waves approach the coastline at an angle
this means that the swash moves sediment up the beach at the same angle but the backwash moves sediment straight back down the beach due to gravity
waves carry large pebbles by rolling them (traction), small pebbles by bouncing them (saltation) and sand, silt and clay in suspension
a drift aligned beach will then form if the process continues

Question 20

source of sediment

Answer 20

from rivers
constructive waves
lsd
cliffs

Question 21

why does it happen?

Answer 21

flocculation increases deposition of fire clay particles that are very light
they clump together in salt water, making them heavier

Question 22

sediment cell

Answer 22

uk has 11
the boundaries between are often natural
the sediment cells are often split into sub cells that are then managed at a local level by an SMP

Question 23

sub Ariel processes

Answer 23

processes that occur at the cliff face rather than the cuff foot

Question 24

weathering

Answer 24

the breakdown of rocks in situ

Question 25

mass movements

Answer 25

the movement of rocks downslope due to gravity

Question 26

erosion

Answer 26

the breakdown and remove of a rock by an external agent

Question 27

isostatic

Answer 27

land changes relative to the sea (local) | large amounts of ice are pressed down onto the land

Question 28

eustatic

Answer 28

sea changes relative to the land (global) | ice melts from ice caps due to climate change

Question 29

submergent coastline

Answer 29

produced by eustatic sea levels rise | e.g. fjords, rias and dalmatien coasts

Question 30

emergent coastline

Answer 30

produced by isostatic rebound | e.g. raised beaches

Question 31

factors that influence flood risk at the coast

Answer 31

``` eustatic sea level rise population increase dams low lying land global warming shape of coast ```