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Exotics > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the breeding procedure for a budge?

A

Males have a blue cere

Females have a nude cere

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2
Q

Describe the general accommodation for a duck?

A
  • A pond to swim in which is lined, easy to clean and with a filter
  • One side of pond should be sloped to allow easy access
  • Sheltered area that is weatherproof and secure
  • They need space/facilities to be able to exhibit natural behaviours
  • Raised platform for food/water dishes
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3
Q

How would you transport a budgie to the bet vet?

A
  • They can be brought in in their own secure cage/carrier
  • Covered with a blanket to minimise stress
  • All objects such as toys should be removed prior to make catching easier
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4
Q

Describe the feeding pattern for ducks?

A
  • 90% vegetable matter, 10% animal protein
  • Grit/gravel to help gizzard function
  • Fed ad lib and food/water dishes should be placed on raised platform
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5
Q

Describe the clinical signs/treatment of a bird suffering from an iodine deficiency?

A
  • Enlarged thyroid gland, pressing on the trachea
  • Respiratory problems
  • Permanently stuck in moult phase
  • Iodine can be supplemented with a block hung on cage
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6
Q

Describe clinical signs/nursing requirements of a parrot suffering from Psittacosis?

A
  • Conjunctivitis, dyspnoea, green diarrhoea, feather plucking, nasal discharge
  • Barrier nursing should always be carried out (mask, gloves, apron)
  • Treated with tetracyclines
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7
Q

Explain breeding procedure for a budgie?

A
  • In the summer months: stimulated by day length
  • Extra protein fed prior to breeding
  • Cages should have nesting box with concave at the bottom
  • 1-2 eggs before brooding (which usually happens when 3rd egg is laid)
  • Incubation period is18 days
  • Eggs laid on alternate days, can be an average of 5-6 eggs in a clutch of 3-10
  • Sexual maturity occurs at 6-9 months
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8
Q

Describe signs of pain/distress in birds?

A
  • Mouth breathing
  • Tail bobbing
  • Ruffled feathers
  • Anorexia
  • Feather plucking
  • Unusual perching
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9
Q

Describe euthanasia for a bird?

A
  • Can use ketamine to sedate first (40mg/kg)

- Pentobarbitone injection (ulnar vein, liver IM)

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10
Q

Describe clinical signs if a bird is 7-10% dehydrated?

A
  • CRT more than 1-2 seconds
  • Slow tenting of the skin over eyelids/feet
  • Dull corneas
  • Dry mucous membranes
  • Cold extremities
  • Poor pulse
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11
Q

Describe acceptable/ maximum housing requirements for a snake?

A
  • Small, ventilated glass tank (should be strong, secures and easily cleaned)
  • Substrate (e.g newspaper) and water should be provided
  • UV lamp that is guarded, a heat mat and temperature gradient
  • Min/max thermometer
  • Humidity by spraying plants
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12
Q

Describe the feeding pattern for a terrapin?

A
  • Should be fed in water
  • Omnivores but mostly eat fish/aquatic invertebrates
  • Fed only on specific plants (pondweed, watercress, dandelions, tomatoes)
  • Good quality complete foods area available
  • Young should be fed daily
  • Adults should be fed approximately 2-3 times a week
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13
Q

Describe the feeding pattern for a garter snake?

A
  • Defrosted fish that have been heated then cooled
  • Fish should be fed head first using tongs
  • Hatchlings should be fed after first shedding (approx 1 week old) Need to be fed at least once a week
  • Adults can range from feeding weekly to monthly
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14
Q

Describe feeding pattern for a boa?

A
  • Rabbits/rats every 2/3 weeks (defrosted first)
  • Should be fed from long handled tongs
  • Food should be given head first as makes swallowing of limbs easier
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15
Q

What signs will a snake show if it needs fed?

A
  • They will be up at the glass more often
  • Moving around vivarium
  • Flicking tongue
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16
Q

How should a lizard be transported to the vet?

A
  • In a secure sack

- In a secure, plastic bow with bowls etc removed

17
Q

Which legislation had to be followed to keep a British Adder?

A
  • Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976

- Owners must obtain a licence from local authority

18
Q

Explain breeding procedure for a tortoise?

A
  • Folliculogenesis is stimulated by time of year
  • Hibernation is important for programming of thyroid gland/reproductive cycle
  • 2 bouts of egg production can occur per year (average 10-30 are laid)
  • Sexual maturity typically occurs 7-10 years
  • After mating, females will form fertile eggs (carried for 4w - 4y)
  • Females can store sperm for long periods, making ID of father difficult
19
Q

How could metabolic bone disease be prevented in reptiles?

A
  • Common insects such as crickets, locusts, meal/wax worms should be gut loaded (fed nutritiously on calcium/nutrients)
  • Bearded dragons should be fed crickets, locusts, meal worms
  • Young need to be fed 2/3 times a day
  • When growing slows, so will appetite
  • Crickets should be longer than width of lizards head
  • UV light should be provided for synthesis of calcium
20
Q

What are the clinical signs/nursing requirements for a tortoise with MBD?

A
  • Softening/pyramiding of shell, deformed muscles, fractures
  • Caused by deficiency of calcium in diet/lack of UV light
  • Treatment: Correct diet/UV light, splint fractures
  • Calcium gluconate can be given in severe cases (100mg/kg)
21
Q

Describe clinical signs/nursing requirements of a snake with dysecdysis?

A
  • Skin peels off in smaller sections instead of as a whole
  • Snake should be rehydrated (bath)
  • Give abrasive towels/substrate
  • Retained spectacles can be removed with viscous and moist cotton buds
22
Q

Describe clinical signs/nursing requirements of a snake with hookworms?

A
  • Enteritis
  • Anorexia
  • Weight loss
  • Treat with ivermectin twice a year
23
Q

Describe clinical signs/ nursing requirements of a mite infestation in a snake?

A
  • Black mites around spectacle and in skin folds under chin
  • Can cause anaemia, dysecdysis, and transmit bacteria
  • Treat with ivermectin topically for 8 weeks
24
Q

Describe signs of pain/distress in snakes?

A
  • Aggression

- Striking at glass

25
Q

Explain euthanasia process for a tortoise?

A
  • Ketamine (IM 100-200 mg/kg)
    Or (IV 200 mg/kg)
  • Pith to destroy brain stem (needle/spike inserted through the firemen magnum)
26
Q

Describe housing requirements for a rabbit?

A
  • Indoor cage/enclosure (at least 1.5m, 0.6 floor space and 0.9 high)
  • Must have a solid floor with bedding/wood shavings/straw/shredded paper
  • Should be cleaned daily
  • Separate nest box/sleeping area
  • Hiding places/toys/chew blocks
  • House rabbits kept safe from hazards e.g electrics
  • Outdoor hutch with grass run
  • Bowls should be ceramic/heavy to prevent overturning
  • Constant supply of fresh water
27
Q

Describe clinical signs/nursing requirements for Proventicular Dilation Syndrome?

A
  • Virus
  • Weight loss, vomiting, paralysis, nerve/crop damage
  • No vaccination/ no cure
  • Diagnosis: clinical signs/crop biopsy
28
Q

Describe clinical signs/nursing for Scaly beak and tassel foot?

A
  • Parasite that eats cell debris
  • Crusting/enlargement of the cere, beak deformities, skin thickening on legs
  • Treatment: skin scrape, ivermectin injectable (0.2 mg/kg)
29
Q

Describe clinical signs/treatment for red feather mite?

A
  • Sucks blood
  • Irritation, restlessness, anaemia, weakness
  • ID of eggs/larvae/adults
30
Q

Describe the housing requirements for a budgie?

A
  • Cages/large aviary (sheltered and secure)
  • Should contain various perches of different lengths made from natural wood
  • Live plants are good (no poisonous)
  • Easy to clean/drain
  • Nest boxes provided during breeding
  • Access to food/water (seed mix/fruit)
31
Q

Describe clinical signs/treatment for a bird with salmonella?

A
  • Bacterial disease (carried by rodents, insects, wild birds)
  • Can be spread through water
  • Signs: enteritis, diarrhoea, sudden death, wasting, septicaemia,
  • Diagnosis: faecal samples
  • Treatment: Trimethoprim/ Sulphanamides
  • Notifiable
32
Q

Describe clinical signs/treatment of a bird with bumble foot?

A
  • Pododermatitis
  • Can be caused by inadequate substrate/perches/lack of exercise
  • Causes: wounds/injuries to the foot, pressure sore, wound infections (s.aureus, E.coli)
  • Treatment: Perches of different diameters, good quality diet, opportunity to exercise, debride wounds/dressings, treat infections
33
Q

Describe signs/treatment of Hypovitaminisis A in birds?

A
  • Caused by selective feeding (parrots- all seed diet)
  • Functions- eyesight/hearing/skin
  • Signs: 2nd bacterial infection (Candida Albacans)
    Treatment: treat bacterial infection, IVFT, vit a injections, better diet
34
Q

Describe signs/treatment of hypovitaminosis D?

A

Functions: healthy bones, control of uptake of calcium
Causes: Poor diet (low calcium/high phosphorus), lack of sun
Signs: Rickets, leg weakness, tremors, paralysis

35
Q

What signs/treatment of blister disease in amphibians?

A
  • Scale rot (semi-aquatic species)
  • Signs: skin blisters, secondary infections
  • Treatment: Antibiotics, topical treatment (iodine)
36
Q

What are the common methods for fluid therapy in birds?

A
  • Intraosseous

- Two bones commonly used are the ulna and the tibiotarsus bone

37
Q

Describe common signs/treatment of an infection with mouth rot (stomatitis)

A
  • Common in lizards and snakes
  • Caused by poor husbandry/injury
  • Bacteria, fungus, virus
38
Q

Describe clinical signs/treatment for a bird suffering from Chlamydophilia?

A
  • They will shed the organism when stressed and spread in faeces
  • Can be Found in dander, oral and respiratory secretions
  • Symptoms: clear nasal discharge, sneezing, conjunctivitis, dyspnoea, green diarrhoea, feather plucking
  • Diagnosis: X-rays/blood tests
  • Treatment: Tetracyclines
39
Q

Describe clinical signs/treatment for a bird suffering from Aspergillosis?

A
  • Causes: fungal organisms, poor hygiene, stress, vit a deficiency
  • Symptoms: dyspnoea, death, liver failure
  • Diagnosis: X-rays/ endoscopy
  • Treatment: Amphotericin (IV for 3-5 days 1.5 mg/kg), given with fluids to prevent renal toxicity

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