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Psychology (Year 2) > Revision > Flashcards

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1
Q

Define physical activity

A

Movement of the body produced by the skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure about resting levels

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2
Q

Define sedentary behaviour

A

Sitting or lying during waking hours with low level of energy expenditure

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3
Q

Name four common barriers to exercises

A

Lack of motivation

Perceived lack of time

Money

Find it boring

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4
Q

The COM-B model suggests that behaviour is impacted by which three factors?

A

Capability

Opportunity

Motivation

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5
Q

Name two physical health problems that can relate to poor occupational health?

A

Cardiovascular

Musculoskeletal

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6
Q

Name three types of physical activity interventions that are most commonly used in the workplace to improve staff well-being?

A

Stair walking

Walking intervention

Active travel

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7
Q

Name and describe two intervention functions from the behaviour change wheel?

A

Education – Providing information on guidelines

Training – Free gym induction to encourage attendance

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8
Q

What is core affect? Provide an example

A

Non-reflective feeling most evident in mood and emotion

Pleaser/displeasure

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9
Q

Name two barriers of effective care for people with depression?

A

Lack of trained health-care providers

Lack of recourses

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10
Q

Define disability?

A

Disabled people live lives shaped by impairment and the effect of disabling and discriminatory cultural, social and environment conditions that impede social participations and damages well-being

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11
Q

Identify two barriers to physical activity that may be faced by disabled people and explain why that barrier restricts activity?

A

Lack of accessible facilities - need things such as special access to buildings

Lack of transport -need special transport

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12
Q

Name two characteristics of exercises dependence?

A

At least one exercises session per day

Withdrawal symptoms if there is an interruption to normal routine

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13
Q

Which two mediators of the personality-exercise dependence relationship were outlined by Hausenblas and Giacobbi (2004)?

A

Exercises as a coping strategy and maladaptive cognition

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14
Q

Define exercise psychology

A

Study of affect, behaviour and cognition in physical activity (PA) and exercise settings

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15
Q

What is subjective well-being and identify two characteristics

A

Perceived satisfaction with life and positive affect

  1. Happiness
  2. Positive affect
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16
Q

What is Psychological well-being and Identify two characteristics?

A

Personal flourishing and fulfilment of human potential

  1. Sense of purpose in life
  2. Sense of self-acceptance
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17
Q

Depression

A

Common mental disorder

Globally, an estimated 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression

Leading cause of disability worldwide

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18
Q

What is depression?

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder

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19
Q

Two effects of depression

A

Feeling worthless of excessive guilt

Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

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20
Q

What is recurrent depressive disorder?

A

Repeated depressive episodes (poor mood, reduced energy etc)

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21
Q

What is Bipolar affective disorder?

A

Consists of both manic and depressive episodes separated by periods of normal mood (elevated or irritable mood, over-activity etc)

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22
Q

Three Physical responses to anxiety

A

Muscle tension
Dry mouth
Perspiring

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23
Q

Three Cognitive response to anxiety

A

Feelings of apprehension

Intrusive frightening thoughts

Obsession with potential threats

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24
Q

Two anxiety disorders and what they mean?

A

Generalised anxiety disorder – debilitating chronic and uncontrollable worrying

Obsessive compulsive disorder – aversive intrusive thoughts, expansive rituals to feel safe

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25
NICE guidelines (2009) physical activity in the treatment of mild to moderate depression
Group exercise class Three sessions a week 45 mins to an hour
26
Two benefits of physical activity in the work place
Decrease anxiety Improved quality of life
27
Three things to conceder when thinking of implementing physical activity in the work place?
Type Education Social aspects
28
What is cognition?
The psychological processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension
29
Three functions cognition has in day-to-day human activity?
Attention Memory Concentration
30
Why is cognition important?
Because it controls emotions and behaviour
31
Name two tasks used to measure cognition in adults
Trail making test - connect a set of 25 dots as quickly as possible while still maintaining accuracy. Stroop test – Reading a lift of colours out loud that are coloured different to the word
32
What are the two types of models for disability
Medical Social
33
What is the Medical model of disability?
Historically dominant model Defines disability based on biological assumptions of normality
34
What are three strengths of the medical model?
Aim is to eliminate disease or impairment to restore function Where possible it wants people to recover Drives research agenda on rehabilitation
35
What are three limitations of the medical model?
Thinks that physical tragedy or psychological trauma can be overcome Locates problem of disability within the individual not environment suggests disability is a burden on society
36
What is the socail model of disability?
Think the problem is society and rejects link between impairment and disability Try’s to develop social policies and practices to help facilitate
37
What are three strengths of the social model?
Heart of disabled people’s movement in UK Society is the problem Solutions found outside disabled people’s bodies
38
What are three limitations of the social model?
Conceptually separating impairment from disability Disregards individual needs Barrier free world not possible
39
Benefits of exercises for disabled people
Reduce pain, risk of CV disease and type 2 diabetes Greater functional capacity Reduce depression
40
What is the ‘Exercise is Medicine’ movement?
Ongoing and expanding global health initiative Promoting PA is integral in prevention, management and treatment of disease Goal to ensure PA is a vital component of patients visit within healthcare
41
When is exercise not medicine?
When is causes thoughts of recovery not being forthcoming | When it causes more pain
42
What’s an important factor that may predict exercise dependence?
Personality
43
What does the Social cognitive theory say are the three determines of human behaviour?
Personal factors Behavioural factors Environmental factors
44
Three advantages of the Social cognitive theory?
Behaviour changes come as a result of the social environment. These behaviour changes can then change the social environment This is a very broad theory with many applications (coaching, teaching, psychology, fear removal). It combines aspects of many learning theories including behaviourism and constructivism. More focus is on the learner to develop his/her tools to become a self-learner.
45
Two disadvantages of the Social cognitive theory?
To improve self-efficacy and develop self-regulation requires that the individual invest a lot of personal effort. Youth may choose the wrong individuals as models or observe the wrong behaviours from people such as parents. Suitable models may not always be present.
46
What are the five levels to the social ecological model?
1. Individual (Knowledge, Skills) 2. Interpersonal (Family, Friends) 3. Organisational (School, Workplace) 4. Community (Design, Access) 5. Public policy (Policy, Laws)
47
Two policy categories from the Behaviour of change wheel
Guidelines Regulations
48
Three advantages of the Behaviour of change wheel
Provides a comprehensive theory-driven framework. Accessible to practitioners and researchers Provides guidance in intervention design and evaluation
49
Three Disadvantages of the Behaviour of change wheel
Behaviour too complex to condense into framework No framework can provide sufficient level of detail to explain behaviour Experience and knowledge still required
50
What is exercise?
Planned, structured and repetitive bodily movements
51
What is self-efficacy?
Peoples beliefs in their performance, not their actual skill
52
What is emotion?
Specific feeling subject to a reaction to an event
53
Pros and Cons of HIIT?
Pros - Quick Assessable Cons - Can be unpleasant due to intensity Can be tedious
54
What is a mediator?
Something that can be changed, such as confidence or motivation levels
55
What is symbolizing capability?
The ability of humans to think about a actions consequences
56
What is self-regulation?
Self-regulating your behaviour based on your goals
57
Three treatments for depression/anxiety?
Medication Therapy Physical activity
58
What did brown find in children and adolescents
That depression is frequent and recurrent yet only have a small impact. Physical activity and cause significant improvements
59
Advantages of the Social ecological model?
Integrates behavioural and environmental changes Attentions given to the interplay between personal and situational factors
60
Disadvantages of the Social ecological model?
Can be expensive and complex to implement in community programs Needs close coordination between people and groups

Psychology (Year 2) (1 decks)

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