Revision Flashcards
Define physical activity
Movement of the body produced by the skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure about resting levels
Define sedentary behaviour
Sitting or lying during waking hours with low level of energy expenditure
Name four common barriers to exercises
Lack of motivation
Perceived lack of time
Money
Find it boring
The COM-B model suggests that behaviour is impacted by which three factors?
Capability
Opportunity
Motivation
Name two physical health problems that can relate to poor occupational health?
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal
Name three types of physical activity interventions that are most commonly used in the workplace to improve staff well-being?
Stair walking
Walking intervention
Active travel
Name and describe two intervention functions from the behaviour change wheel?
Education – Providing information on guidelines
Training – Free gym induction to encourage attendance
What is core affect? Provide an example
Non-reflective feeling most evident in mood and emotion
Pleaser/displeasure
Name two barriers of effective care for people with depression?
Lack of trained health-care providers
Lack of recourses
Define disability?
Disabled people live lives shaped by impairment and the effect of disabling and discriminatory cultural, social and environment conditions that impede social participations and damages well-being
Identify two barriers to physical activity that may be faced by disabled people and explain why that barrier restricts activity?
Lack of accessible facilities - need things such as special access to buildings
Lack of transport -need special transport
Name two characteristics of exercises dependence?
At least one exercises session per day
Withdrawal symptoms if there is an interruption to normal routine
Which two mediators of the personality-exercise dependence relationship were outlined by Hausenblas and Giacobbi (2004)?
Exercises as a coping strategy and maladaptive cognition
Define exercise psychology
Study of affect, behaviour and cognition in physical activity (PA) and exercise settings
What is subjective well-being and identify two characteristics
Perceived satisfaction with life and positive affect
- Happiness
- Positive affect
What is Psychological well-being and Identify two characteristics?
Personal flourishing and fulfilment of human potential
- Sense of purpose in life
- Sense of self-acceptance
Depression
Common mental disorder
Globally, an estimated 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression
Leading cause of disability worldwide
What is depression?
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder
Two effects of depression
Feeling worthless of excessive guilt
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
What is recurrent depressive disorder?
Repeated depressive episodes (poor mood, reduced energy etc)
What is Bipolar affective disorder?
Consists of both manic and depressive episodes separated by periods of normal mood (elevated or irritable mood, over-activity etc)
Three Physical responses to anxiety
Muscle tension
Dry mouth
Perspiring
Three Cognitive response to anxiety
Feelings of apprehension
Intrusive frightening thoughts
Obsession with potential threats
Two anxiety disorders and what they mean?
Generalised anxiety disorder – debilitating chronic and uncontrollable worrying
Obsessive compulsive disorder – aversive intrusive thoughts, expansive rituals to feel safe
NICE guidelines (2009) physical activity in the treatment of mild to moderate depression
Group exercise class
Three sessions a week
45 mins to an hour
Two benefits of physical activity in the work place
Decrease anxiety
Improved quality of life
Three things to conceder when thinking of implementing physical activity in the work place?
Type
Education
Social aspects
What is cognition?
The psychological processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension
Three functions cognition has in day-to-day human activity?
Attention
Memory
Concentration
Why is cognition important?
Because it controls emotions and behaviour
Name two tasks used to measure cognition in adults
Trail making test - connect a set of 25 dots as quickly as possible while still maintaining accuracy.
Stroop test – Reading a lift of colours out loud that are coloured different to the word
What are the two types of models for disability
Medical
Social
What is the Medical model of disability?
Historically dominant model
Defines disability based on biological assumptions of normality
What are three strengths of the medical model?
Aim is to eliminate disease or impairment to restore function
Where possible it wants people to recover
Drives research agenda on rehabilitation
What are three limitations of the medical model?
Thinks that physical tragedy or psychological trauma can be overcome
Locates problem of disability within the individual not environment
suggests disability is a burden on society
What is the socail model of disability?
Think the problem is society and rejects link between impairment and disability
Try’s to develop social policies and practices to help facilitate
What are three strengths of the social model?
Heart of disabled people’s movement in UK
Society is the problem
Solutions found outside disabled people’s bodies
What are three limitations of the social model?
Conceptually separating impairment from disability
Disregards individual needs
Barrier free world not possible
Benefits of exercises for disabled people
Reduce pain, risk of CV disease and type 2 diabetes
Greater functional capacity
Reduce depression
What is the ‘Exercise is Medicine’ movement?
Ongoing and expanding global health initiative
Promoting PA is integral in prevention, management and treatment of disease
Goal to ensure PA is a vital component of patients visit within healthcare
When is exercise not medicine?
When is causes thoughts of recovery not being forthcoming
When it causes more pain
What’s an important factor that may predict exercise dependence?
Personality
What does the Social cognitive theory say are the three determines of human behaviour?
Personal factors
Behavioural factors
Environmental factors
Three advantages of the Social cognitive theory?
Behaviour changes come as a result of the social environment. These behaviour changes can then change the social environment
This is a very broad theory with many applications (coaching, teaching, psychology, fear removal). It combines aspects of many learning theories including behaviourism and constructivism.
More focus is on the learner to develop his/her tools to become a self-learner.
Two disadvantages of the Social cognitive theory?
To improve self-efficacy and develop self-regulation requires that the individual invest a lot of personal effort.
Youth may choose the wrong individuals as models or observe the wrong behaviours from people such as parents. Suitable models may not always be present.
What are the five levels to the social ecological model?
- Individual
(Knowledge, Skills) - Interpersonal
(Family, Friends) - Organisational
(School, Workplace) - Community
(Design, Access) - Public policy
(Policy, Laws)
Two policy categories from the Behaviour of change wheel
Guidelines
Regulations
Three advantages of the Behaviour of change wheel
Provides a comprehensive theory-driven framework.
Accessible to practitioners and researchers
Provides guidance in intervention design and evaluation
Three Disadvantages of the Behaviour of change wheel
Behaviour too complex to condense into framework
No framework can provide sufficient level of detail to explain behaviour
Experience and knowledge still required
What is exercise?
Planned, structured and repetitive bodily movements
What is self-efficacy?
Peoples beliefs in their performance, not their actual skill
What is emotion?
Specific feeling subject to a reaction to an event
Pros and Cons of HIIT?
Pros -
Quick
Assessable
Cons -
Can be unpleasant due to intensity
Can be tedious
What is a mediator?
Something that can be changed, such as confidence or motivation levels
What is symbolizing capability?
The ability of humans to think about a actions consequences
What is self-regulation?
Self-regulating your behaviour based on your goals
Three treatments for depression/anxiety?
Medication
Therapy
Physical activity
What did brown find in children and adolescents
That depression is frequent and recurrent yet only have a small impact.
Physical activity and cause significant improvements
Advantages of the Social ecological model?
Integrates behavioural and environmental changes
Attentions given to the interplay between personal and situational factors
Disadvantages of the Social ecological model?
Can be expensive and complex to implement in community programs
Needs close coordination between people and groups
