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Psychology (Year 2) > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Define physical activity

A

Movement of the body produced by the skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure about resting levels

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2
Q

Define sedentary behaviour

A

Sitting or lying during waking hours with low level of energy expenditure

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3
Q

Name four common barriers to exercises

A

Lack of motivation

Perceived lack of time

Money

Find it boring

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4
Q

The COM-B model suggests that behaviour is impacted by which three factors?

A

Capability

Opportunity

Motivation

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5
Q

Name two physical health problems that can relate to poor occupational health?

A

Cardiovascular

Musculoskeletal

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6
Q

Name three types of physical activity interventions that are most commonly used in the workplace to improve staff well-being?

A

Stair walking

Walking intervention

Active travel

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7
Q

Name and describe two intervention functions from the behaviour change wheel?

A

Education – Providing information on guidelines

Training – Free gym induction to encourage attendance

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8
Q

What is core affect? Provide an example

A

Non-reflective feeling most evident in mood and emotion

Pleaser/displeasure

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9
Q

Name two barriers of effective care for people with depression?

A

Lack of trained health-care providers

Lack of recourses

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10
Q

Define disability?

A

Disabled people live lives shaped by impairment and the effect of disabling and discriminatory cultural, social and environment conditions that impede social participations and damages well-being

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11
Q

Identify two barriers to physical activity that may be faced by disabled people and explain why that barrier restricts activity?

A

Lack of accessible facilities - need things such as special access to buildings

Lack of transport -need special transport

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12
Q

Name two characteristics of exercises dependence?

A

At least one exercises session per day

Withdrawal symptoms if there is an interruption to normal routine

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13
Q

Which two mediators of the personality-exercise dependence relationship were outlined by Hausenblas and Giacobbi (2004)?

A

Exercises as a coping strategy and maladaptive cognition

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14
Q

Define exercise psychology

A

Study of affect, behaviour and cognition in physical activity (PA) and exercise settings

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15
Q

What is subjective well-being and identify two characteristics

A

Perceived satisfaction with life and positive affect

  1. Happiness
  2. Positive affect
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16
Q

What is Psychological well-being and Identify two characteristics?

A

Personal flourishing and fulfilment of human potential

  1. Sense of purpose in life
  2. Sense of self-acceptance
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17
Q

Depression

A

Common mental disorder

Globally, an estimated 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression

Leading cause of disability worldwide

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18
Q

What is depression?

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder

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19
Q

Two effects of depression

A

Feeling worthless of excessive guilt

Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

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20
Q

What is recurrent depressive disorder?

A

Repeated depressive episodes (poor mood, reduced energy etc)

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21
Q

What is Bipolar affective disorder?

A

Consists of both manic and depressive episodes separated by periods of normal mood (elevated or irritable mood, over-activity etc)

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22
Q

Three Physical responses to anxiety

A

Muscle tension
Dry mouth
Perspiring

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23
Q

Three Cognitive response to anxiety

A

Feelings of apprehension

Intrusive frightening thoughts

Obsession with potential threats

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24
Q

Two anxiety disorders and what they mean?

A

Generalised anxiety disorder – debilitating chronic and uncontrollable worrying

Obsessive compulsive disorder – aversive intrusive thoughts, expansive rituals to feel safe

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25
Q

NICE guidelines (2009) physical activity in the treatment of mild to moderate depression

A

Group exercise class

Three sessions a week

45 mins to an hour

26
Q

Two benefits of physical activity in the work place

A

Decrease anxiety

Improved quality of life

27
Q

Three things to conceder when thinking of implementing physical activity in the work place?

A

Type

Education

Social aspects

28
Q

What is cognition?

A

The psychological processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension

29
Q

Three functions cognition has in day-to-day human activity?

A

Attention
Memory
Concentration

30
Q

Why is cognition important?

A

Because it controls emotions and behaviour

31
Q

Name two tasks used to measure cognition in adults

A

Trail making test - connect a set of 25 dots as quickly as possible while still maintaining accuracy.

Stroop test – Reading a lift of colours out loud that are coloured different to the word

32
Q

What are the two types of models for disability

A

Medical

Social

33
Q

What is the Medical model of disability?

A

Historically dominant model

Defines disability based on biological assumptions of normality

34
Q

What are three strengths of the medical model?

A

Aim is to eliminate disease or impairment to restore function

Where possible it wants people to recover

Drives research agenda on rehabilitation

35
Q

What are three limitations of the medical model?

A

Thinks that physical tragedy or psychological trauma can be overcome

Locates problem of disability within the individual not environment

suggests disability is a burden on society

36
Q

What is the socail model of disability?

A

Think the problem is society and rejects link between impairment and disability

Try’s to develop social policies and practices to help facilitate

37
Q

What are three strengths of the social model?

A

Heart of disabled people’s movement in UK

Society is the problem

Solutions found outside disabled people’s bodies

38
Q

What are three limitations of the social model?

A

Conceptually separating impairment from disability

Disregards individual needs

Barrier free world not possible

39
Q

Benefits of exercises for disabled people

A

Reduce pain, risk of CV disease and type 2 diabetes

Greater functional capacity

Reduce depression

40
Q

What is the ‘Exercise is Medicine’ movement?

A

Ongoing and expanding global health initiative

Promoting PA is integral in prevention, management and treatment of disease

Goal to ensure PA is a vital component of patients visit within healthcare

41
Q

When is exercise not medicine?

A

When is causes thoughts of recovery not being forthcoming

When it causes more pain

42
Q

What’s an important factor that may predict exercise dependence?

A

Personality

43
Q

What does the Social cognitive theory say are the three determines of human behaviour?

A

Personal factors

Behavioural factors

Environmental factors

44
Q

Three advantages of the Social cognitive theory?

A

Behaviour changes come as a result of the social environment. These behaviour changes can then change the social environment

This is a very broad theory with many applications (coaching, teaching, psychology, fear removal). It combines aspects of many learning theories including behaviourism and constructivism.

More focus is on the learner to develop his/her tools to become a self-learner.

45
Q

Two disadvantages of the Social cognitive theory?

A

To improve self-efficacy and develop self-regulation requires that the individual invest a lot of personal effort.

Youth may choose the wrong individuals as models or observe the wrong behaviours from people such as parents. Suitable models may not always be present.

46
Q

What are the five levels to the social ecological model?

A
  1. Individual
    (Knowledge, Skills)
  2. Interpersonal
    (Family, Friends)
  3. Organisational
    (School, Workplace)
  4. Community
    (Design, Access)
  5. Public policy
    (Policy, Laws)
47
Q

Two policy categories from the Behaviour of change wheel

A

Guidelines

Regulations

48
Q

Three advantages of the Behaviour of change wheel

A

Provides a comprehensive theory-driven framework.

Accessible to practitioners and researchers

Provides guidance in intervention design and evaluation

49
Q

Three Disadvantages of the Behaviour of change wheel

A

Behaviour too complex to condense into framework

No framework can provide sufficient level of detail to explain behaviour

Experience and knowledge still required

50
Q

What is exercise?

A

Planned, structured and repetitive bodily movements

51
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Peoples beliefs in their performance, not their actual skill

52
Q

What is emotion?

A

Specific feeling subject to a reaction to an event

53
Q

Pros and Cons of HIIT?

A

Pros -
Quick
Assessable

Cons -
Can be unpleasant due to intensity
Can be tedious

54
Q

What is a mediator?

A

Something that can be changed, such as confidence or motivation levels

55
Q

What is symbolizing capability?

A

The ability of humans to think about a actions consequences

56
Q

What is self-regulation?

A

Self-regulating your behaviour based on your goals

57
Q

Three treatments for depression/anxiety?

A

Medication
Therapy
Physical activity

58
Q

What did brown find in children and adolescents

A

That depression is frequent and recurrent yet only have a small impact.

Physical activity and cause significant improvements

59
Q

Advantages of the Social ecological model?

A

Integrates behavioural and environmental changes

Attentions given to the interplay between personal and situational factors

60
Q

Disadvantages of the Social ecological model?

A

Can be expensive and complex to implement in community programs

Needs close coordination between people and groups

Psychology (Year 2) (1 decks)

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