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My HPL > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

How much is 1 unit of alcohol

A

1 unit of alcohol is 15mg of alcohol per 100ml of alcohol

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2
Q

What is the TEM model

A

Threat
Error
Undesirable aircraft state

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3
Q

Explain the homeostatic system

A

The tendency for the internal body to remain constant at equilibrium in spite of external environment

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4
Q

Explain sensory threshold

A

Minimum strength of stimulus to be recognised by nerves

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5
Q

What are proprioceptors

A

They sense joint position and movement and control directions and velocity of movements

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6
Q

What is the minimum partial pressure required in the lungs and at what altitude would I find them

A

55mmhg at 12,0000ft

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7
Q

What is the pressure in lungs at sea level

A

713 MMgh

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8
Q

What is the pressure atmospheric at sea level in mmgh

A

760mmgh

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9
Q

When breathing 100% oxygen at 10,000ft where does the body think it is

A

Sea level

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10
Q

When breathing 100% oxygen at 40,000ft where does the body think it is

A

10,000ft

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11
Q

What is tidal volume

A

Tide of air – volume of breath inhaled and exhaled for each normal breath

5l pervmin

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12
Q

What is inrispiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air when forced to breathing in 3.1litrws

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13
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air forcibly exhaled 1.1l

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14
Q

Residual volume

A

1.2-1.4litres

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15
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12/20 per minute

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16
Q

What controls breathing rate?

A

Carbonic acid (think co2)

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17
Q

What is anemia and what causes it

A

Lack of red blood cells caused by lack of iron, bleeding and decrease in production of rbc by bone marrow

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18
Q

Cornea

A

This is the most front of the eye it does 70% of all focusing

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19
Q

Iris

A

Coloured part of the eye muscles that control the size of pupil

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20
Q

Lens

A

Transparent part of the eye attached to cillary muscles 20/30% of focusing toward retina

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21
Q

Fovea

A

Most central part of the back of the eye full of cones middle of retina

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22
Q

What is accommodation

A

Pushing and pulling of the lens until final focus affected by fatigue and age

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23
Q

Explain cones

A

These are light sensitive found within a degree of the fovea, used for picking up lots of detail photopic vision

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24
Q

Explain rods

A

Found approx 10 degrees from fovea used in dark dim lighting and used to help perhiphial vision

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25
Q

Cones and rods adjustment times

A

Light - dark = longest for both cones= 7 mins rods = 30 mins

Dark - lights= 10 secs for both

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26
Q

Myopia

A

My o pic eye ball is too long

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27
Q

Hypermyopia

A

Eye ball is too short

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28
Q

Presbyopia

A

Age causing weak cillary muscles struggling to focus

29
Q

Glaucoma

A

Kiran joke - pressure build up in the eye

30
Q

Conductive deafness

A

Due to build up of wax causing issues tovconduction of sound

31
Q

Noise induced hearing loss

A

Due to continued exposure to sounds greater than 90db

32
Q

Pilots should not fly immediatly after donating blood

A

Because they may feel weak and faint

33
Q

Normal adult BP

A

120/80

Systolic/diastolic

Pressure in arties during heart contract/pressure in arties during heart relax

34
Q

Increase in Co2 in the blood leads too

A

Increased respiratory rate

Co2 directly drives respiration

35
Q

What can hypertension lead too

A

Heart attack and stroke

36
Q

What is the avg cardiac output at rest of an adult

A

5litres per min

Cardiac output is amount of blood the heart pumps in a minute

Calculate heart rate x stroke volune

Avg bpm = 70
Avg stroke volume = 75ml

70x75= 5.2litee

37
Q

Carbon monoxide can be found in cigarettes

A

Yes, and can lift a smokers physiological altitude

38
Q

Define the following

Gx
Gy
Gz

A

Gx - force that acts along the aircraft longitudinal axis chest to back will cause illusions in pitch

Gy - a lateral force shoulder to shoulder (side ways) typica illusions during alieron role

Gz - Vertical gravitational force felt head to tod through dives

39
Q

Partial pressures within alveoli

A

Oxygen 100mmhg
Carbon dioxide 40mmhg
Water Vapour 47mmhg

40
Q

What is the Critical Threshold

A

Atitude above which unconsciousness becomes a certainty

18000-22000ft

41
Q

4 different types of hypoxia

A

Hypoxic hypoxia caused by low saturation levels

Anemic hypoxia insufficient levels of haemoglobin

Stagnant hypoxia due to low blood flow, think stagnation of blood

Histotixkc hypoxia due to a poisioning of blood cells

42
Q

If someone hyperventilates what happens to their blood

A

Their blood will become more alkaline

43
Q

What are the early signs of hypoxia

A

Lack of concentration

Euphoria

Visual disturbances

44
Q

Why does blood pressure of pilots rise with age

A

Since arteries loose their elasticity

45
Q

Effects of hypertension on body

A 
Headaches
Heart attack
Heart palpitations 
Strokes
Angina
46
Q

Factors that cause hypertension

A 
Obisity
Diet
Stress
Smoking 
Lack of exercise
47
Q

What are ossicles and where are they

A

Ossicles are the three bones in the middle ear thst transmit sounds to cochlea

48
Q

What are the name of the three bones that make up the ossicles

A

Stirrup
Anvil
Hammer

49
Q

What is air sickness also known as

A

Motion sickness

50
Q

Hearing tests are frequently taken for pilots

A

To detect early signs of deafness

51
Q

Presbycusis causes initial loss of what

A

High tones

52
Q

Presbycusis what is this?

A

Gradual loss of hearing with age

53
Q

Saccules and utticulus are affected by changes in what

A

Changes in gravity and acceleration

54
Q

What is a uncommon symptom of motion sickness

A

Apthay

55
Q

What are angular accelerations perceived by?

A

Semi circular canals

56
Q

What can be damaged by excessive exposure to noise?

A

Sensitive membrane in cochlea

57
Q

NIHL causes what

A

Noise induced hearing loss can lead to perm desfness will usually initially by hearing loss of certain freqs

58
Q

What is Autokinesis

A

When you stare at an object too long and it appears to move

59
Q

How will an aircraft look when on a collision course with you

A

It will appear small and only begin to increase at the last second

60
Q

What is Somtogyral and somatogyral illusion

A

This is felt by semi circular canals and measures angular accelerations due to hairs in the canals affects us in turns

61
Q

What is Somatogravic and Somatogravic illusion

A

This measured with the Utricle and Saccule (Otoliths) this is with Gx when accel is felt as a upward climb

62
Q

What is short term memory sensitive too

A

Interuptions

63
Q

What are 3 methods of increasing STM capacity

A

Chunking
Mnemonics
Catch phrases

64
Q

3 stages of learning a skill

A

Cognitive
Associated
Automatic

65
Q

4 basic types of learning

A

Conditional
Operant
Insight
Interaction

66
Q

Two types of fatigue

A

Acute (short term)

Chronic (long term)

67
Q

What is the difference between active error and latent error

A

Active error is where the effect is seen immediatly

Latent error is where there is a delay between the action and the outcome of the action

68
Q

What is decision mAking as opposed to deciding?

A

Step by step scientific process following in order to reach a balanced and factual decisi n

My HPL (2 decks)

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