Revision Flashcards
What are the different categories/format for a airport master plan?
Introduction Inventory Constraints Demand Forecast Critical Aircraft Airfield planning parameters Airfield infrastructure requirements Terminal Support facilities Nav Aids Commercial Sites Landside roads and parking Utility services Master plan Obstacle limitation surfaces Environmental constraints Development Staging Budget Costs
What is in the introduction for the master plan?
- Background/whats driving the change (i.e. mining boom)
- Matters for discussing in the document
- Considers previous studies
- Relevant issues (e.g. it’s a mine, tourist resort etc)
- Consultation programs undertaken
What is in the inventory for the master plan?
- Description of existing infrastructures and facilities
- Usually has image/schematic or layout and brief description
- Condition and suitability of use
What is in the constraints section for the master plan?
Physical (e.g. buildings, roads etc)
Environmental (rivers, mountains etc.
Generally a good idea to break them up into three categories.
Level 1 Facilities that have highest priorities in staying where they are and receiving upgrades
Level 2 can be replaced but still essential
Level 3 can be demolished so other things can be put in place
What is in the demand forecasts section for the master plan?
Aviation forecasts and non aviation forecasts
What is in aviation forecasts and what are they used for?
Annual passenger movements (provides indication of size of airport)
Annual freight movements (determines size of freight facilities)
Annual aircraft movements (runways/taxiways, indicator of scale, financial modeling, noise modeling)
Peak hour passenger movements (terminal design)
Peak hour aircraft movements (runway and taxiway planning/design)
Peak stand demand (aprons planning/design)
What are non aviation forecasts and what are they used for?
Peak flow time for traffic (internal airport roads, input to external road planning)
Parking (size of facilities, short term/long term, taxi, coaches, limos, rental, commercial)
What is in the critical aircraft section for the master plan?
- List of current and future aircraft types
- Identify critical aircraft (there may be more than one for different points of the airport)
- Identify aerodrome codes for airport
- ICAO gradings
What is in the airfield planning parameters section for the master plan?
- Uses Annex 14 and MOS 139 to identify key dimensions from standards (runway width, clearance between taxiways, shoulder width etc)
- Other parameters include runway length and aircraft length
What is in the airfield infrastructure section for the master plan?
- Runway (whether we need to lengthen it or widen it)
- Taxiways (whether we need to lengthen or widen it or parallel runway)
- Apron (expansion to allow for larger aircraft)
What is in the terminal section for the master plan?
- Do we need to expand it?
- Terminal is designed to cater to the maximum flow of passengers that is forecast
What is in the support facilities section for the master plan?
- RFF
- Tower
- Aircraft maintenance facilities
- Catering
- Freight
- Ground servicing equipment (parking and maintenance)
- Fuel
What is in the navigation aids section for the master plan?
- Must be located so that the radio waves are preserved. You must consider the nav aids with any runway changes.
- NDB and clearance around it
- VOR
- DME
- ILS
- Lighting (PAPI, T VAISIS)
What is in the commercial sites section for the master plan?
- Facilities on site not required for aviation use
- Another way for developing revenue
- Methods to achieve maximum passenger spending include designing airport so passengers are ‘forced’ to walk from gate through shops and getting passengers through security quickly so they have the most amount of time to view shops.
- High levels of foot fall (how many people walk past)
- Site density (how many shops you can see from on spot)
- Dwell time (allowing people to sit and relax/spend time shopping
What is in the landside roads section of the master plan?
- Airport is responsible for internal roads
- External roads, airport liaises with government authorities
- Must have primary and secondary route
- Divert private and passenger traffic as early as possible
- Parking (short term roughly 300-500m away, long term having shuttle to airport, rental, coaches, taxis, commercial)
What is in the utility services section of the master plan?
- Power
- Water
- Gas
- Electricity
- Sewer
- Drainage
- Telecommunications
- Easements
- Sites for major plant
What is in the master plan section?
Drawings out of what work you are going to be doing/suggested upgrades
What is in the obstacle limitations surface section?
- Protection of the surfaces for aircraft operations
- Based on final master plan runway layout
What is in the environmental impacts section of the master plan?
- Impacts that come out of construction
- Flora and fauna impacts
- Cultural heritage
- Lifestyle
- Aircraft noise (ANEF - Australian noise exposure forecast, noise abatements, curfews, changing flight paths)
What is in the development staging section of the master plan?
- Staged development based on priorities
- Typically in three stages
- Short term (0-5 years)
- Medium term (5-10 years)
- Long term (10-20 years)
What is in the budget costs section of the master plan?
- Working out of each item (e.g. expansion of the runway, expansion of terminal etc)
- Any developments needs positive business case
What is in the stakeholder consultation for master plan?
Consultation with :
- Airport management
- Airlines
- Fuel operators
- GSE operators
- Aircraft management
- Catering
- Road authority
- Taxi operators
- Tourism managers/hotels
- Chamber of commerce
- Coach operators
What are the key demand forecasts that would be required for the preparation of an airport master plan?
Two types, aviation and non aviation.
Aviation: Annual passenger movements Annual freight movements Annual aircraft movements Peak hours passenger movements Peak hour aircraft movement Peak stand demand
Non aviation:
Traffic
Parking
What use do we have for each forecast?
Aviation
Annual passenger movement (financial modelling/scale, fundamental forecast)
Annual freight movements (determines size of freight facility)
Annual aircraft movements (indicator of scale, noise modelling, financial modelling
Peak hour passenger movements (determines terminal design)
Peak hour aircraft movements (used for runway, taxiway planning/design)
Peak stand demand (apron planning and design)
Non aviation
Traffic (internal airport roads, input to external roads planning)
Parking (size of facilities, short term/long term, taxi, coaches, limos, rental, commercial
List the different surface modes available to transport passengers to/from an airport
Road, rail, sea/ferry, air (helicopter)
Describe the different surface modes available to transport passengers to/from an airport.
Road
- Typically main access mode
- Flexible, access available from wide area
- Available for a wide range of vehicle types (car, taxi, van, limo, bus, trucks etc)
- Airports must have primary and secondary access via road
- Maintain liaison with road authorities
- Separate passengers and commercial traffic
Rail
- Usually in place where there is a large population
- high demand to nodes
- Very high costs
- Types include high speed, express, suburban, regional
Sea
- Generally used when airport is on an island or located close to the coast
Identify key factors relating to when each surface mode would be best suited to access airport
Road
- Best for land when there is no surrounding water and surrounding population is too small for rail network
Rail
- best when it has an integrated and connected system of rail. Connection service to airport.
- Requires large population and demand node to be successful
Water
- Best for bay type scenarios or when airport is on an island
Provide any advantages and/or disadvantages relating to each surface access mode.
Road advantages:
- Cheapest mode
- Usually extension of already in place infrastructure
- Caters to a large range of vehicle types
Road disadvantages
- Traffic jams
- Must now cater for traffic and parking
Rail advantages
- Can transport large numbers of people directly to the airport
- No ‘traffic’ delays
Rail disadvantages
- VERY expensive, will only work if there is a very high demand
- requires a lot of planning to input
- very expensive maintenance
Sea advantages
- Provides access to coastal/island airports
Sea Disadvantages
- May be inoperable during storms
- Slow
List and describe the various types of road vehicles that require access to parking facilities at an airport
Cars, trucks, bus (transit and coach), vans, limos, commercial vehicles (waster trucks etc),
Identify any particular requirements that need to be considered in the provision of parking facilities for each vehicle type
- Non aviation demand forecasts help determine sizing of parking facilities. Peak traffic determines internal roads and input to external road planning, peak parking demands determine size of parking facilities, short term/long term, taxi bays, coach bays, limo bays, rental and commercial
- Cars (short and long term)
- Car rental (pick up/drop off and rental depot)
- Taxi (pick up and drop off and remote)
- Bus (shuttle, transit and coach)
- Commercial vechiles
Identify and describe major aviation support and navigation aid facilities that are typically provided on a modern large airport
Rescue and Fire Fighting Aircraft refuelling Freight and cargo facilities Aircraft maintenance Catering/cabin servicing Airport maintenance Tower VOR DME Lighting (T VAISIS, PAPI)
Describe key considerations in sizing and siting of each aviation support facility.
RFF - sizing and siting as per MOS 139
- Sited so that it is in within MOS 139 which states that vehicles can reach all areas of movement area within 2 mins (max 3 mins)
Aircraft refuelling
- must be large enough to carry enough fuel to last for at least 7 days
- should be sited so that it is 15m from any sealed buildings
Freight/cargo facilities
- General rule for size of facilities 1 square meter per 10 tonne of freight per annum
Aircraft maintenance
- Width, depth and height to accommodate max sized aircraft and/or number of aircraft to be accommodated
Catering
- One square meter per meal per day
Tower
- MOS 172 states all requirements for sizing and site of tower.
- sited so that has adequate visibility to all manoeuvring areas and airspace which fall under controllers responsibility
- View of runway ends and taxiways and traffic patterns
- sited to reduce sun glare
- Sizing determined by line of site to all runways, obstacle limitations, nav aid locations
NDB, ILS, VOR, DME
- All have specific requirements about heights and distances from which obstacles can be placed around them, all found in MOS 139
Identify and briefly describe the major elements of an Airport Emergency Management Plan for a medium/large (e.g. Melbourne) sized airport.
- All requirements for Aerodrome emergency plan are found in MOS part 139.
- Aerodrome operator must establish and chair Aerodrome Emergency Committee (AEC)
- AEC consists of other agencies such as police, fire and rescue, tower, tower etc
- AEC must establish Airport Emergency Plan which establishes procedures and coordination of responses during emergencies
- AEP must include organisational and procedural operations for at least the following: Aircraft crash, local standby, full emergency, bomb scare, disabled aircraft, hazardous material, fire/natural disaster, medical emergency
- AEP must be reviewed annually
- There must be an emergency exercise every 2 years
Discuss the concept of Level of Service in determining the area and number of processing facilities provided in a passenger terminal.
• Level of service is:
- Means of describing airport terminal and it ability to process passengers at different levels of comfort
- Grouping standards for specific functions with reference to
o Area per person
o Service times (processing time or time spent in queues
o Queue lengths
IATA has level of service guidelines broken into 6 categories from A - F with C being the recommended minimum design
Identify the key passenger processing functions in an international passenger terminal.
Check In Outwards Immigration Passenger Security Check Departure Lounge(s) Airline Lounge(s) Inwards Immigration Primary Line Baggage Claim Customs Check
Briefly describe each processing function and the facilities that would be provided for each.
Check in - Allows airlines to receive customers, their baggage and to ensure customers get their tickets etc - Check in counters are also provided for customers without baggage - Equipment include: •Identification computers for passengers •Boarding pass and baggage tag printers •Telephone/Intercom •Baggage weigh scales and read out
Outwards Immigration
- Australia requires to check the documentation of all international passengers on departure from the country.
- Counters, space for queues and at least one interview room must be planned for
Passenger Security Check - Security check procedures that comply with international standards are required for all passengers (international and domestic) as well as all staff - Equipment includes •X-ray unit •Magnetometer unit •Search benches •Interview room/search room adjacent to security check point •Queue space
Departure Lounge
- areas within the terminal, close to the gates, where
passengers wait prior to being called to board their aircraft
- Equipment includes
Adequate area to meet the busy hour passenger demand at the required level of service standard
•Seating
•Retail (including duty free near international departure
lounges) and food and beverage
•Direct access to the boarding zones
•Access to airline lounges.
Airline lounge - waiting area for their airline club members/premium passengers. - Equipment includes •Check-in •Comfortable lounge seats •Complimentary catering and bar •Business centre, with phones, computer facilities, fax machines, photocopiers etc •Meeting/conference facilities •Toilets and shower facilities.
Inwards immigration
- Passport/document controls are required for all arriving international passengers.
Equipment:
-Counter and queue requirements, with adjacent interview/inspection rooms,
Baggage claim - After inwards immigration, where passengers retrieve their luggage - Equipment •The baggage reclaim units •Storage of baggage trolleys •Space for passengers •Currency exchange •Baggage services •Circulation
Customs check
- Ensuring no quarantine items such as bugs etc come through
- Space for queues
- Inspection desks and interview rooms
- Disposal rooms
