Revision

Question 0

What year did the UK join the EU?

Answer 0

1973

Question 1

At what date did the EU start in? Give examples of what countries started the EU.

Answer 1

1957
France (Paris)
Italy (Rome)
The Netherlands/Holland (Amsterdam)

Question 2

What year did the most countries join the EU and how many? Give examples of some.

Answer 2

2004
10 countries joined
Austria (Vienna)
Sweden (Stockholm)
Hungary (Budapest)

Question 3

What are advantages of the EU membership?

Answer 3

Cheap flights
Foreign study
Easier travel
Stops war

Question 4

What are people concerned that the EU will become?

Answer 4

“United states of Europe”

Question 5

What does the term Eurosceptic mean?

Answer 5

A group of people in each EU country that are against membership of the 28 country union

Question 6

How many countries are in the EU? Give examples.

Answer 6

28
Italy (Rome)
Denmark (Copenhagen)
Greece (Athens)
Portugal (Lisbon)
Sweden (Stockholm)
Bulgaria (Sofia)
Croatia (Zagreb)

Question 7

What are disadvantages of EU membership?

Answer 7

Companies relocate for cheaper cost
Border controls with non EU countries
Loss of economic control
Too big to agree

Question 8

What are the stages in the water cycle and definitions? Draw and label a diagram.

Answer 8

(Look at pic on iPad for answer to diagram)
Evaporation-the process where water changes from a liquid to a water vapour
Transpiration-plants give off water vapour from their leaves
Condensation-the process by which cooling vapour turns into a liquid
Precipitation-water that falls on the earths surface e.g. rain, snow, hail
Surface runoff-the movement of water over the land, possibly as a river

Question 9

Draw a labeled diagram of a drainage basin.

Answer 9

(Look in book for diagram)

Question 10

What does source mean?

Answer 10

The area in which a river begins

Question 11

What does mouth mean?

Answer 11

Where a river ends its journey, flowing into the sea or a lake

Question 12

What does tributary mean?

Answer 12

A smaller river that joins a larger river

Question 13

What does confluence mean?

Answer 13

The point at which two river join

Question 14

What does drainage basin mean?

Answer 14

The area drained by a river and it’s tributarys

Question 15

What does meander mean?

Answer 15

A sweeping bend in a river

Question 16

What does watershed mean?

Answer 16

The boundary between two drainage basin marked by a ridge of high land

Question 17

What are the four processes of transportation and definitions?

Answer 17

Traction-boulders and pebbles are rolled along the river bed at times of high discharge e.g. in a flood
Saltation-sand sized particles are bounced along the river bed by the flow of water
Suspension-fine clay and sand particles are carried along within the water even at low discharge e.g. A small stream
Solution-some minerals dissolve in water such as calcium carbonate. This requires very little energy

Question 18

What is deposition?

Answer 18

The material a river carries (transports) is called it’s load. When it reaches flatter land, the river slows down. It no longer has the energy to carry it’s load, so it deposits it. The deposited material is called sediment. The river deposits the heavier stones first

Question 19

What is a gorge?

Answer 19

A narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls and a stream running through it.

Question 20

How is a waterfall made?

Answer 20

Water flows over the hard rock, and erodes the soft rock
The soft rock is eroded by the process of hydraulic action and abrasion
A plunge pool is deepened below the waterfall. The ledge or overhang of hard rock is no longer supported.
The overhang collapses and falls into the plunge pool.
These processes are repeated. The waterfall moves upstream to form a gorge

Question 21

What is a meander?

Answer 21

A meander is a bend in the river

Question 22

Where is the fastest current always?

Answer 22

On the outer bend

Question 23

What do all meanders have?

Answer 23

River cliffs and slip-off slopes

Question 24

Draw a labeled diagram of a meander.

Answer 24

(Look in book for diagram)

Question 25

Draw a labeled diagram of a cross section.

Answer 25

(Look in book for diagram)

Question 26

How do you form an ox-bow lake?

Answer 26

A meander starts as a slight bend. Water flows faster on the outside of the bend than on the inside
So the outside of the bend is eroded away. Material is deposited on the inside of the bend
This erosion and deposition turns the bend into a meander
The meander bends more and more over the years until it becomes a really tight loop
When the water level is really high, the river has enough energy to go straight across the loop, rather than round it. This is called a meander cut off
The river keeps to it’s new channel, so the loop is left as an ox-bow lake
After a long period of time the ox-bow lake silts up and dries out and plants grow in it

Question 27

When do floods occur?

Answer 27

Floods occur when a river gets more water than it’s channel can hold. Water flows over the banks and onto the flood plain.

Question 28

What are causes of flooding?

Answer 28

The physical characteristics of the drainage basin also helped reduce the lag time of this flood event. The drainage basin is very small and both runs have steep valley sides.
Human actions may also have made the flooding worse as trees had been cleared from the valley meaning there was less interception.

Question 29

What are the effects of flooding?

Answer 29

Shops destroyed and loss of income
Home and furniture destroyed. Made homeless
Loss of community spirit. Pets, family, friends have died. Home and shops destroyed

Question 30

How can we prevent floods?

Answer 30

Control the water level
Build barriers
Alter the rivers channel
Control land use around the river

Question 31

What are the four processes of erosion?

Answer 31

Hydraulic action-the force of water against the bed and banks
Abrasion-the bed and banks are worn down by the rivers load. The river throws these particles against the bed and banks, sometimes at high velocity
Attrition-material (load) carried by the river bump into each other and so are smoothed and broken down into smaller particles
Corrosion-the chemical action of river water. The acid in the water slowly dissolves the bed and the banks.